發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-05 14:55

  本文選題：大氣降塵 + 攀枝花��； 參考：《成都理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：大氣降塵作為一些有害物質(zhì)的載體,不僅對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成嚴(yán)重影響,其攜帶的重金屬和多環(huán)芳烴等還嚴(yán)重威脅著人體健康,因此大氣降塵的污染問題成為人們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。攀枝花市作為一座典型的資源型礦業(yè)城市,幾十年的礦產(chǎn)開發(fā)和工礦業(yè)的配套發(fā)展導(dǎo)致該市大氣污染問題突出。因此,研究攀枝花市大氣降塵的污染特征并鑒別其污染源,對(duì)改善該市大氣環(huán)境質(zhì)量具有重要的實(shí)際意義。本文通過采集攀枝花地區(qū)90多件大氣降塵樣品,結(jié)合環(huán)境地球化學(xué)、微量元素地球化學(xué)和礦物學(xué)等學(xué)科的方法和原理,從降塵的粒度、礦物組成、水溶性離子特征、微觀形貌特征以及重金屬的含量和化學(xué)形態(tài)特征等方面進(jìn)行綜合研究,在此基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)一步對(duì)降塵的來源進(jìn)行鑒別,并得到一些初步的結(jié)論和認(rèn)識(shí)。攀枝花大氣降塵的粒徑主要分布在10-50μm之間,顆粒物較細(xì),分選性較差,大于2μm的顆粒物超過95%,受人為活動(dòng)影響明顯。降塵中顆粒物形態(tài)復(fù)雜,主要有球狀結(jié)構(gòu)、塊狀結(jié)構(gòu)、層狀結(jié)構(gòu)、片狀結(jié)構(gòu)、條柱狀結(jié)構(gòu),同時(shí)也有一些不規(guī)則和規(guī)則的礦物集合體;礦物成分主要以石英為主,石膏和長石次之,還有一些碳酸鹽礦物和鈦礦物等,采礦區(qū)和冶煉區(qū)的有些樣品鐵礦物含量較高。降塵水溶性組分偏酸性,其中SO42-的貢獻(xiàn)率最大,硫酸鹽主要以CaSO4形式存在;NH4+和SO42-主要以(NH4)2SO4和NH4HSO4的方式結(jié)合;NOX與SOX的質(zhì)量比大于1,水溶性離子的污染源主要以固定排放源為主。降塵中As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Pb、V、Zn等元素含量超過四川土壤背景值幾倍甚至幾十倍,Zn和Cd的生物可利用態(tài)達(dá)到78%和87%,對(duì)環(huán)境和人體危害較大,Cr、Ni、Cu、As等元素的殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)含量較高,相對(duì)較穩(wěn)定,其中V、Cd、Zn的污染最為嚴(yán)重;炳草崗、瓜子坪和攀鋼區(qū)的重金屬含量最高,西郊區(qū)和仁和區(qū)含量最低;降塵的平均粒徑與重金屬的總含量總體上呈負(fù)相關(guān)。工業(yè)活動(dòng)、礦山開采、燃煤和交通污染等是影響攀枝花大氣的主要因素。
[Abstract]:As a carrier of some harmful substances, atmospheric dust not only has a serious impact on the ecosystem, but also carries heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which seriously threaten human health. Therefore, the pollution of atmospheric dust has become the focus of attention. Panzhihua as a typical resource-based mining city, decades of mineral development and industrial and mining industry development led to the city's air pollution problems. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to study the pollution characteristics of atmospheric dust fall and identify the pollution sources in Panzhihua city to improve the atmospheric environmental quality of Panzhihua city. Through collecting more than 90 samples of atmospheric dust in Panzhihua area, combining the methods and principles of environmental geochemistry, trace element geochemistry and mineralogy, the paper analyzes the particle size, mineral composition and water-soluble ion characteristics of dust fall. On the basis of a comprehensive study on the microscopic morphology, the content and chemical speciation of heavy metals, the sources of dust fall were further identified, and some preliminary conclusions and understandings were obtained. The particle size of Panzhihua atmospheric dust was mainly between 10-50 渭 m. The particles were fine and poor in sorting. The size of the particles larger than 2 渭 m was more than 95%, which was obviously affected by human activities. The particles in the dust fall have complex morphology, including spherical structure, block structure, stratiform structure, lamellar structure, stripe columnar structure, and some irregular and regular mineral aggregates, which are mainly composed of quartz. Gypsum and feldspar followed by carbonate minerals and titanium minerals. Some samples in mining and smelting areas have higher iron ore content. The water-soluble components of dust fall are slightly acidic, among which so _ 4 _ 2- contributes the most, and sulphate mainly exists in the form of CaSO4 and so _ 42-, the mass ratio of no _ x to SOX is greater than 1, and the main source of water soluble ions is fixed emission source, which is mainly composed of NH _ 4 and so _ 4 ~ (2-) in the form of NH _ (4) O _ (2) so _ (4) and so _ (4) _ (2-). In dust fall, the contents of trace elements such as aspergite, cdcdcu, cu, Pb, VN and Zn are several times or even tens times higher than those of soil background value in Sichuan province. The bioavailable forms of Zn and CD reach 78% and 87% respectively, and the residual state content of elements such as Crnn, NiNiCU, as, and so on, which are harmful to the environment and human body, is relatively high and relatively stable. The content of heavy metals in Bingcaogang, Guiziping and Panzhihua Iron and Steel area was the highest, and the content of heavy metal in the western suburb and Renhe region was the lowest, and the average particle size of dust was negatively correlated with the total content of heavy metals. Industrial activities, mining, coal combustion and traffic pollution are the main factors affecting the atmosphere of Panzhihua.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X51;X142

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