本文選題：阿特拉津 + 菹草��； 參考：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：阿特拉津是一種常用除草劑,其殘留在環(huán)境中是一種持久性有毒有機污染物,由于其性質(zhì)穩(wěn)定、半衰期長,使得其在土壤環(huán)境殘留量較高。土壤中的阿特拉津在淋溶、地表徑流等作用下進入水環(huán)境中,會在沉積物的吸附作用下固定于沉積物中,近年來許多水環(huán)境的沉積物中頻頻檢出阿特拉津。因此,有必要對沉積物中阿特拉津的修復(fù)進行研究。根際修復(fù)被認為是目前最具潛力的修復(fù)技術(shù)之一,其中有機污染物在沉水植物根際沉積物中的化學(xué)與生物化學(xué)行為是其在根際降解中的主要機制。以微生物多樣性作為指標在監(jiān)測沉積物變化和對環(huán)境脅迫的反映方面均很重要,其對進一步了解土壤/沉積物微生物群落狀態(tài)也十分有用。故本文選取兩種沉水植物菹草和穗花狐尾藻,研究阿特拉津在不同沉水植物根際的特異性降解行為及其沉積物微生物多樣性特征。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)在南湖沉積物中添加2 mg/kg的阿特拉津,分別開展菹草和穗花狐尾藻對阿特拉津的降解實驗。60 d實驗結(jié)束時:菹草體系中,實驗處理(根際)和對照處理(非根際)的沉積物中阿特拉津殘留濃度分別為0.43 mg/kg、0.60 mg/kg,降解率分別為78.63%、70.01%,兩處理之間存在顯著性差異(p0.05);穗花狐尾藻體系中,實驗處理(根際)和對照處理(非根際)的沉積物中阿特拉津殘留濃度分別為0.13mg/kg、0.32mg/kg,降解率分別為93.69%、81.75%,兩處理之間存在顯著性差異(p0.05)。穗花狐尾藻對沉積物中阿特拉津的降解率高于菹草。兩個體系的不同處理中得到的阿特拉津降解產(chǎn)物只有羥基阿特拉津,且隨著時間的推移,羥基阿特拉津的含量也逐漸降低,實驗處理(根際)中的羥基阿特拉津含量始終高于對照處理(非根際)。本研究的兩個體系中,可溶性有機碳含量與阿特拉津的降解率沒有顯著相關(guān)關(guān)系,但根際中DOC含量相對較高,阿特拉津降解率也相對較高;可溶性硝態(tài)氮和可溶性銨態(tài)氮在實驗期間呈下降趨勢,實驗處理中的含量高于對照處理。(2)兩種沉水植物研究體系的不同處理中,脫氫酶活性均隨培養(yǎng)時間而呈上升趨勢。本研究的兩個體系中,沉積物中細菌數(shù)量隨時間呈上升趨勢,其大小排序為:實驗處理阿特拉津空白處理對照處理。植物的根際效應(yīng)使微生物對污染物的適應(yīng)加強或者是能夠利用外源污染物作為碳源或氮源,從而間接地影響脫氫酶的活性,使之加強,促進了阿特拉津的降解。從沉積物中篩選出3株可以阿特拉津為唯一氮源生長的菌株,其對阿特拉津的降解率分別為:14.49%,60.02%,13.50%。(3)選取第60 d穗花狐尾藻體系中各處理組沉積物進行基因組DNA高通量測序。豐富度和多樣性指數(shù)結(jié)果顯示,各處理沉積物中微生物群落豐富度排序如下:實驗處理阿特拉津空白處理空白處理對照處理,各處理的沉積物中微生物群落多樣性排序如下:阿特拉津空白處理實驗處理空白處理對照處理。群落結(jié)構(gòu)分析表明,實驗處理中有兩種菌的豐度都與其他三個處理之間存在顯著性差異:脫硫葉菌屬、硝化螺菌屬,它們可能是與阿特拉津降解相關(guān)的菌種。對照處理中也有兩種菌的豐度與其他三個處理之間存在顯著性差異:norank_c_OPB35_soil_group、norank_f_Xanthomonadales_Incertae_Sedis,說明沉積物中只添加阿特拉津的處理會促進上述兩種菌的生長繁殖。
[Abstract]:Atrazine is a commonly used herbicide. Its residue is a persistent toxic organic pollutant in the environment. Because of its stable nature and long half-life, it has a high residue in the soil environment. Atrazine in the soil enters the water environment under the action of leaching and surface runoff, which will be fixed to deposit under the adsorption of sediment. Atrazine is frequently detected in many water environment sediments in recent years. Therefore, it is necessary to study the repair of atrazine in sediments. Rhizosphere repair is considered to be one of the most potential remediation technologies, and the chemical and biochemical behavior of organic pollutants in the rhizosphere sediments of submerged plants is its Rhizosphere in the rhizosphere. The main mechanism of degradation is important in monitoring sediment change and environmental stress. It is also very useful for further understanding of the state of soil / sediment microbial community. Therefore, two kinds of submerged plants of Potamogeton crispus and Honoka foxes are selected to study the different submerged plants of atrazine. The main results are as follows: (1) the addition of 2 mg/kg of atrazine in the sediments of the Nanhu Lake was carried out at the end of the experimental.60 D experiment on the degradation experiment of atrazine, Potamogeton crispus and Honoka, respectively: the experimental treatment (rhizosphere) and control treatment (non rhizosphere) in the Potamogeton crispus. The atrazine residues in the sediments were 0.43 mg/kg and 0.60 mg/kg, respectively, and the degradation rates were 78.63%, 70.01% and two respectively (P0.05). The atrazine residual concentration in the experimental (rhizosphere) and control (non rhizosphere) sediments of Honoka fox system was 0.13mg/kg, 0.32mg/kg, and degradation rate respectively. There was a significant difference between the 93.69%, 81.75%, and two treatments (P0.05). The degradation rate of atrazine in the sediments was higher than that of Potamogeton crispus. The atrazine degradation products obtained from the two systems were only hydroxy atrazine, and the content of hydroxy atrazine was gradually reduced as time went on, and the experimental treatment was carried out. The content of hydroxy atrazine in the rhizosphere was always higher than that of the control (non rhizosphere). In the two systems of this study, there was no significant correlation between the soluble organic carbon content and the degradation rate of atrazine, but the content of DOC in the rhizosphere was relatively high, and the atrazine degradation rate was also higher; the soluble nitrate nitrogen and the soluble ammonium nitrogen were in the experiment. The content of the experimental treatment was higher than that of the control treatment. (2) the activity of dehydrogenase increased with the culture time. The number of bacteria in the two systems of this study increased with time, and the size of the amount of dehydrogenase in the two systems of this study was: the experimental treatment of atrazine blank. The rhizosphere effect of the plant makes the microorganisms adaptable to the contaminants or can use the exogenous pollutants as carbon or nitrogen sources, thereby indirectly affecting the activity of dehydrogenase, strengthening it and promoting the degradation of atrazine. 3 strains of atrazine are screened from the sediments to grow as the only nitrogen source. The degradation rates of atrazine were as follows: 14.49%, 60.02%, 13.50%. (3) selected sixtieth D Honoka fox system, the sediments were sequenced by the genome DNA. The richness and diversity index showed that the richness of the microbial communities in the sediments were as follows: the experimental treatment of atrazine blank treatment blank treatment The diversity of microbial communities in all the treated sediments was treated as follows: atrazine blank treatment experiment treatment blank treatment control treatment. Community structure analysis showed that there were significant differences between the abundance of two kinds of bacteria in the experimental treatment and the other three treatments: desulphurizing leaf bacteria, nitrifying snails, they may be There was a significant difference between the abundances of two species of atrazine and the other three treatments in the control treatment: norank_c_OPB35_soil_group, norank_f_Xanthomonadales_Incertae_Sedis, indicating that the only addition of atrazine in the sediments could promote the growth and reproduction of the two species.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X592;X17

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