本文關(guān)鍵詞：海灤河流域河流系統(tǒng)生態(tài)環(huán)境需水量計(jì)算，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

500地理學(xué)報(bào)55卷；[10]LiLijuan.Waterresour；娟.柴達(dá)木盆地水資源承載力研究[J].環(huán)境科學(xué),；EnvironmentalandEcologic；ofRiverSystemsinHaihe-Lu；LILi-juan,ZHENGHong-xing；(InstituteofGeographical；:Inthehistoryofwate

500地　　　理　　　學(xué)　　　報(bào)　　　　　　　　　　　　　55卷

[10]　LiLijuan.WaterresourcessupportingcapacityofQaidamBasin[J].EnvironmentalScience,2000(2):20-23.(InChinese)[李麗

娟.柴達(dá)木盆地水資源承載力研究[J].環(huán)境科學(xué),2000(2):20-23.]

EnvironmentalandEcologicalWaterConsumption

ofRiverSystemsinHaihe-LuanheBasins

LILi-juan,ZHENGHong-xing

(InstituteofGeographicalSciences&NaturalResources,CAS,Beijing　100101,China)

:Inthehistoryofwaterutilizationanddevelopment,ourattentionhasalwaysAbstract

beenpaidonthebenefitwecouldgetfromriverswhileenvironmentalandecologicalfunctionoftheriversystemusedtobeneglected.Thustheactivitiesofwaterutilizationanddevelopmentwereaccompaniedbymoreandmoreseriousenvironmentalandecologicalproblems.Inordertoreducetheenvironmentalandecologicalproblemsinducedbywaterresourcesdevelopmentandutilization,thispaperhasproposedaconceptofenvironmentalandecologicalwaterconsumption.Ingeneral,wedefinedthattheenvironmentalandecologicalwaterconsumptionmeanstheminimumwaterthatmustbesavedinorconsumedbythenaturalwaterbodiestoconservetheirenvironmentalandecologicalfunctions.Basedonthedefinition,themethodsoncalculatingtheamountofenvironmentalandecologicalwaterconsumptionaredetermined.Waterconsumptioncanbedividedintothreeparts,i.e.thebasicwaterconsumptionofrivers,waterconsumptionfortransportationofsedimentsandsalts,waterconsumptionforevaporationofthelakes.Themethodsforcalculatingthedifferentpartsofwaterconsumptionwereshowninexpressions.InacasestudyonHai-LuanheBasins,thehydrologicalrecordsbefore1960,whichmayrepresentthenaturalconditionsoftheriversystems,wereusedforcalculating.Theresultsofthecalculationhaveshownthattheenvironmentaland

×108m3,including57×108m3forecologicalwaterconsumptionintheBasinsisabout124

×108m3fortransportationofsedimentsandsaltsand4×108m3forbasicconsumption,63

netevaporationlossoflakes.Thusitwasestimatedthatthetotalamountof

%ofthetotalamountofenvironmentalandecologicalwaterconsumptionaccounts54

83runoff(228×10m).However,therearestillsomeaspectsofenvironmentaland

ecologicalconsumptionthatarenotunderourconsideration.Itshouldberealizedthattherequiredamountofenvironmentalandecologicalwaterconsumptionmustbemorethanthatwehavecalculated.Accordingtothisresult,iftherationalutilizationrateoftherunoffinthebasinsismorethan40%,theproblemsofeco-environmentwillbeseriousbutthecurrentutilizationrateoftheBasinsisashighas80%.Itisontheurgencytocontrolandadjustwaterdevelopmentandutilizationtoeliminatethoseproblemsexistedandtoavoidthepotentialecologicalorenvironmentalcrisesthatarestillnotclear.

Keywords:environmentalandecologicalwaterconsumption;riversystems;Haihe-LuanheBasins

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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：海灤河流域河流系統(tǒng)生態(tài)環(huán)境需水量計(jì)算，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。