58海灤河流域河流系統(tǒng)生態(tài)環(huán)境需水量計(jì)算
本文關(guān)鍵詞:海灤河流域河流系統(tǒng)生態(tài)環(huán)境需水量計(jì)算,由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。
500地理學(xué)報(bào)55卷;[10]LiLijuan.Waterresour;娟.柴達(dá)木盆地水資源承載力研究[J].環(huán)境科學(xué),;EnvironmentalandEcologic;ofRiverSystemsinHaihe-Lu;LILi-juan,ZHENGHong-xing;(InstituteofGeographical;:Inthehistoryofwate
500地 理 學(xué) 報(bào) 55卷
[10] LiLijuan.WaterresourcessupportingcapacityofQaidamBasin[J].EnvironmentalScience,2000(2):20-23.(InChinese)[李麗
娟.柴達(dá)木盆地水資源承載力研究[J].環(huán)境科學(xué),2000(2):20-23.]
EnvironmentalandEcologicalWaterConsumption
ofRiverSystemsinHaihe-LuanheBasins
LILi-juan,ZHENGHong-xing
(InstituteofGeographicalSciences&NaturalResources,CAS,Beijing 100101,China)
:Inthehistoryofwaterutilizationanddevelopment,ourattentionhasalwaysAbstract
beenpaidonthebenefitwecouldgetfromriverswhileenvironmentalandecologicalfunctionoftheriversystemusedtobeneglected.Thustheactivitiesofwaterutilizationanddevelopmentwereaccompaniedbymoreandmoreseriousenvironmentalandecologicalproblems.Inordertoreducetheenvironmentalandecologicalproblemsinducedbywaterresourcesdevelopmentandutilization,thispaperhasproposedaconceptofenvironmentalandecologicalwaterconsumption.Ingeneral,wedefinedthattheenvironmentalandecologicalwaterconsumptionmeanstheminimumwaterthatmustbesavedinorconsumedbythenaturalwaterbodiestoconservetheirenvironmentalandecologicalfunctions.Basedonthedefinition,themethodsoncalculatingtheamountofenvironmentalandecologicalwaterconsumptionaredetermined.Waterconsumptioncanbedividedintothreeparts,i.e.thebasicwaterconsumptionofrivers,waterconsumptionfortransportationofsedimentsandsalts,waterconsumptionforevaporationofthelakes.Themethodsforcalculatingthedifferentpartsofwaterconsumptionwereshowninexpressions.InacasestudyonHai-LuanheBasins,thehydrologicalrecordsbefore1960,whichmayrepresentthenaturalconditionsoftheriversystems,wereusedforcalculating.Theresultsofthecalculationhaveshownthattheenvironmentaland
×108m3,including57×108m3forecologicalwaterconsumptionintheBasinsisabout124
×108m3fortransportationofsedimentsandsaltsand4×108m3forbasicconsumption,63
netevaporationlossoflakes.Thusitwasestimatedthatthetotalamountof
%ofthetotalamountofenvironmentalandecologicalwaterconsumptionaccounts54
83runoff(228×10m).However,therearestillsomeaspectsofenvironmentaland
ecologicalconsumptionthatarenotunderourconsideration.Itshouldberealizedthattherequiredamountofenvironmentalandecologicalwaterconsumptionmustbemorethanthatwehavecalculated.Accordingtothisresult,iftherationalutilizationrateoftherunoffinthebasinsismorethan40%,theproblemsofeco-environmentwillbeseriousbutthecurrentutilizationrateoftheBasinsisashighas80%.Itisontheurgencytocontrolandadjustwaterdevelopmentandutilizationtoeliminatethoseproblemsexistedandtoavoidthepotentialecologicalorenvironmentalcrisesthatarestillnotclear.
Keywords:environmentalandecologicalwaterconsumption;riversystems;Haihe-LuanheBasins
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本文關(guān)鍵詞:海灤河流域河流系統(tǒng)生態(tài)環(huán)境需水量計(jì)算,由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。
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