本文選題：擬除蟲菊酯 + 功夫菊酯　； 參考：《廣西大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：擬除蟲菊酯類農(nóng)藥作為一種廣譜、高效、低毒的殺蟲劑而被廣泛應(yīng)用,大量的使用導(dǎo)致環(huán)境污染、生態(tài)破壞及危害人類健康等問題。如何有效去除環(huán)境中的這些農(nóng)藥已成為人們廣泛關(guān)注的問題。本論文從光降解和微生物降解兩方面研究了擬除蟲菊酯類農(nóng)藥的降解行為,主要結(jié)果如下:1.對(duì)功夫菊酯和溴氰菊酯水溶液在不同光源下的降解進(jìn)行了研究。結(jié)果表明,紫外光照射下的降解速率遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)快于模擬太陽(yáng)光照射,其降解速率分別加快了 50.97倍和54.51倍。同時(shí)在兩種光照下的光降解過程符合一級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)規(guī)律。2.應(yīng)用納米二氧化鈦(nTiO2)作為光催化劑對(duì)功夫菊酯和溴氰菊酯水溶液進(jìn)行模擬太陽(yáng)光催化研究。結(jié)果表明,nTiO2起到了催化降解的作用,與不加nTiO2相比,降解速率分別加快了 12.22倍和8.48倍,且降解行為符合一級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)規(guī)律。3.優(yōu)化了模擬太陽(yáng)光條件下催化劑的用量。結(jié)果表明,降解速率隨著催化劑的量的增加先加快后減慢。對(duì)于功夫菊酯和溴氰菊酯水溶液,其最佳用量分別為 2.0 mg/L nTi02 和 0.8 mg/L nTi02。4.聯(lián)合超高效液相色譜-質(zhì)譜/質(zhì)譜(UPLC-MS/MS)和氣相色譜-質(zhì)譜(GC-MS)對(duì)功夫菊酯和溴氰菊酯降解的產(chǎn)物進(jìn)行了鑒定,同時(shí)推斷其可能的降解路徑。功夫菊酯的降解主要有酯鍵斷裂,C-C鍵斷裂,C-O鍵斷裂,光氧化,光異構(gòu)化,脫氰基,脫羥基等過程,其降解產(chǎn)物主要有間苯氧基苯甲醛、間苯氧基苯乙腈、α-氰基-3-苯氧基芐醇等。溴氰菊酯在水溶液中的光降解主要有酯鍵斷裂,C-C鍵斷裂,C-O鍵斷裂,光氧化,脫氰基,脫羥基,重排等過程,其降解產(chǎn)物主要有間苯氧基苯甲醛、間苯氧基苯乙腈、間苯氧基苯甲酸甲酯等。5.從菊酯類農(nóng)藥生產(chǎn)廠的生化處理池的活性污泥中分離篩選到兩株對(duì)功夫菊酯有較高降解能力的菌株A4和G3,分別能以功夫菊酯為唯一碳源和氮源生存。對(duì)篩選出來的菌株進(jìn)行菌落形態(tài)觀察和ITS序列測(cè)定,并構(gòu)建系統(tǒng)鄰近發(fā)育樹,最終將其分別鑒定為棘孢曲霉(Aspergillusaculeatus)和草酸青霉(PeniPillium oxalicum)。6.采用高效液相色譜(HPLC)研究了初始濃度、接種量、pH、溫度等對(duì)A4和G3菌株降解特性的影響。結(jié)果表明,菌株A4和G3對(duì)不同初始濃度的功夫菊酯的降解行為符合一級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)規(guī)律;A4菌株在接菌量為0.015 g/L、pH為7.0、溫度為28℃條件下降解效果最佳;G3菌株在接菌量為0.010g/L、pH為7.0、溫度為28℃條件下降解效果最佳。
[Abstract]:Pyrethroid pesticides are widely used as a kind of broad spectrum, high efficiency and low toxicity insecticides, which lead to environmental pollution, ecological destruction and harm to human health. How to effectively remove these pesticides in the environment has become a widespread concern. In this paper, the degradation behavior of pyrethroid pesticides was studied from the aspects of photodegradation and microbial degradation. The main results were as follows: 1. The degradation of kungthrin and deltamethrin aqueous solution under different light sources was studied. The results showed that the degradation rate of UV irradiation was much faster than that of simulated solar irradiation, and the degradation rate was 50.97 times and 54.51 times faster, respectively. At the same time, the photodegradation process under two kinds of light is in accordance with the first-order kinetic law. Nanocrystalline TIO _ 2 (TIO _ 2) was used as photocatalyst to simulate the photocatalysis of kungthrin and deltamethrin in aqueous solution. The results showed that the degradation rate of NTiO2 was 12.22 times and 8.48 times faster than that without nTiO2, and the degradation behavior was in accordance with the first-order kinetic law .3. The amount of catalyst under simulated sunlight was optimized. The results showed that the degradation rate increased firstly and then slowed down with the increase of the amount of catalyst. For the aqueous solution of cypermethrin and deltamethrin, the optimum dosage is 2.0 mg/L nTi02 and 0.8 mg/L nTi02.4, respectively. The degradation products of krysanthemum and deltamethrin were identified by UPLC-MS / MS and GC-MSMS, and the possible degradation pathways were deduced. The degradation of kungthrin mainly includes ester bond breakage, C-C bond cleavage, photooxidation, photoisomerization, cyanide removal, dehydroxylation and so on. The main degradation products are m-phenoxy benzaldehyde, m-phenoxyphenyl acetonitrile, 偽 -cyano-3-phenoxy benzyl alcohol and so on. The photodegradation of deltamethrin in aqueous solution mainly includes ester bond breakage, C-C bond breaking, photooxidation, cyanide removal, dehydroxylation, rearrangement and so on. The main degradation products of deltamethrin are m-phenoxy benzaldehyde, m-phenoxybenzonitrile, and so on. Methyl m-Phenoxy benzoate, et al. Two strains A4 and G3 with high biodegradation ability were isolated from the activated sludge of biochemistry treatment pond in the production plant of pyrethroid pesticides. The strains A4 and G3 were found to be the only carbon source and nitrogen source respectively. Colony morphology and ITS sequence were observed and phylogenetic tree was constructed. The strains were identified as Aspergillus aculeatus and PeniPillium oxalicum.6respectively. The effects of initial concentration, inoculum pH and temperature on the degradation characteristics of A4 and G3 strains were studied by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results show that The degradation behavior of different initial concentrations of krysanthemum by strain A4 and G3 is in accordance with the first-order kinetic rule: the inoculation amount of A4 strain is 0.015 g / L ~ (-1) pH is 7.0, and the temperature is 28 鈩，

本文編號(hào)：1817529