本文選題：黃河沉積物 + 磷　； 參考：《內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：生源物質(zhì)磷是組成生物體不可或缺的元素之一。黃河水體環(huán)境中,沉積物是磷的積累和再生的重要場(chǎng)所,對(duì)磷循環(huán)有重要影響。本研究選取黃河內(nèi)蒙古段烏海、臨河、烏拉特前旗、包頭、托縣和老牛灣六個(gè)采樣點(diǎn)2013、2014年秋季,2015、2016年夏季共24個(gè)表層沉積物為研究對(duì)象,測(cè)定了沉積物、上覆水的物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)及各形態(tài)磷的含量,模擬研究了磷在黃河表層沉積物上的吸附特征,運(yùn)用吸附動(dòng)力學(xué)模型、等溫吸附模型對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行擬合,分析沉積物理化性質(zhì)、微生物等因素對(duì)其的影響,并選取烏海海勃灣水利大壩對(duì)磷通量進(jìn)行了估算,分析了黃河沉積物中微生物的多樣性并簡(jiǎn)單探討了磷細(xì)菌在磷形態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)換過(guò)程中的作用。得出結(jié)論:(1)沉積物中總細(xì)菌量最大值出現(xiàn)在烏海樣品中(3.6×109),最低值出現(xiàn)在老牛灣(1.1×109),平均值為2.58×109;磷細(xì)菌數(shù)目最大值出現(xiàn)在前旗(3.93×105),最小值出現(xiàn)在托縣(8.57×104),平均值是1.98×105。上覆水總磷含量高的沉積物樣品中總細(xì)菌含量也高;沉積物樣品中總磷含量高,磷細(xì)菌總量高;沉積物樣品中有機(jī)質(zhì)含量高,磷細(xì)菌總量降低。(2)沉積物中總磷含量范圍在954.067~2085.622 mg/kg,平均值是1139.91 mg/kg,各采樣點(diǎn)總磷含量存在秋季夏季的季節(jié)差異性。沉積物的七種形態(tài)磷中,原生碎屑磷和鈣結(jié)合態(tài)磷是沉積物中磷的主要賦存形態(tài),含量范圍分別為262.36~962.56 mg/kg和36.32~405.89mg/kg,二者共占總磷含量的74.37%。沉積物中不同形態(tài)磷含量與沉積物理化性質(zhì)之間存在相關(guān)性,可交換態(tài)磷與陽(yáng)離子交換量極顯著正相關(guān);鐵結(jié)合態(tài)磷與陽(yáng)離子交換量、沉積物燒失量顯著正相關(guān)�？偧�(xì)菌利用可交換態(tài)磷或鋁結(jié)合態(tài)磷進(jìn)行生命活動(dòng)所需含量較多,說(shuō)明這兩種形態(tài)磷更易被微生物直接分解利用。磷細(xì)菌含量主要與不易被微生物直接利用的磷含量正相關(guān)。(3)沉積物對(duì)磷吸附動(dòng)力學(xué)遵循Lagergren準(zhǔn)二級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)方程。由擬合準(zhǔn)二級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)方程得出的平衡吸附量Qe與實(shí)驗(yàn)中所得吸附量的值較接近�？傮w來(lái)看,黃河沉積物對(duì)磷的吸附量夏季大于秋季。(4)沉積物對(duì)磷吸附熱力學(xué)過(guò)程符合Langmiur和Freundlich方程,表明吸附介于單層吸附和多層吸附之間。擬合得出不同沉積物的吸附/解吸平衡濃度(EPC0)范圍為0.0089~0.1499mg/g,與上覆水中磷濃度進(jìn)行比較判斷沉積物的“源”“匯”屬性,并比較各年份EPC0大小及功能差異。利用2016年烏海的EPC0計(jì)算出磷通量為62.59kg。沉積物對(duì)磷的最大吸附量Qmax的范圍0.0331~0.3062 mg·g-1,夏季平均值為0.1887mg·g-1,秋季為0.1557mg·g-1,即夏季秋季。沉積物擬合參數(shù)Qmax、Qe與沉積物中總有機(jī)碳、陽(yáng)離子交換量正相關(guān)。(5)磷細(xì)菌培養(yǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)后樣品中,托縣沉積物樣品微生物種類減少,老牛灣沉積物樣品微生物種類增多,兩者微生物總量都呈下降趨勢(shì);磷細(xì)菌分解效率較高,主要促進(jìn)Al-P轉(zhuǎn)換為Obs-P并增加了生物可利用磷的總量。
[Abstract]:Phosphorus is one of the indispensable elements of living organisms. In the water environment of the Yellow River, sediment is an important place for phosphorus accumulation and regeneration, which has an important effect on phosphorus cycling. In this study, 24 surface sediments of Wuhai, Linhe, Wulat Qianqi, Baotou, Tuoxian and Laoniu Bay in Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River were collected in 2013, 2015 in autumn 2014, and 24 surface sediments in summer 2016. The physical and chemical properties of overlying water and the contents of phosphorus in various forms were simulated to study the adsorption characteristics of phosphorus on the surface sediments of the Yellow River. The adsorption kinetics model and isothermal adsorption model were used to fit the experimental data to analyze the physical and chemical properties of the sediments. The effects of microorganism and other factors on the phosphorus flux were estimated by selecting the water conservancy dam of Wuhai Haibo Bay. The diversity of microbes in the sediment of the Yellow River was analyzed and the role of phosphorus bacteria in the process of phosphorus transformation was discussed. It is concluded that the maximum of total bacteria in sediment is 3.6 脳 10 ~ (9) in Wuhai, the lowest is in Laoniu Bay (1.1 脳 10 ~ (9), the average is 2.58 脳 10 ~ (9), the maximum of phosphorus bacteria is in Qianqi (3.93 脳 10 ~ (5), the minimum is 8.57 脳 10 ~ (4) in Towang County, the average is 1.98 脳 10 ~ (5). The total bacterial content in the sediment samples with high total phosphorus content in overlying water was also high, the total phosphorus content in the sediment samples was high, the total phosphorus bacteria content in the sediment samples was high, the content of organic matter in the sediment samples was high, The content of total phosphorus in sediment was 954.067 ~ 2085.622 mg / kg, with an average of 1139.91 mg / kg. Among the seven forms of phosphorus in sediments, primary detritus phosphorus and calcium bound phosphorus are the main forms of phosphorus in sediments, with the ranges of 262.36 ~ 962.56 mg/kg and 36.32 ~ 405.89 mg / kg, respectively, which account for 74.37 mg / kg of total phosphorus content. There was a significant positive correlation between exchangeable phosphorus and cation exchange capacity, iron bound phosphorus and cation exchange capacity, and sediment burning loss. The total bacteria need more contents of exchangeable phosphorus or aluminum-bound phosphorus for life activities, indicating that the two forms of phosphorus are more easily decomposed and utilized by microorganisms. Phosphorus bacteria content is mainly related to phosphorus content which is not easily directly used by microbes. 3) the kinetics of phosphorus adsorption by sediment follows the quasi-second-order kinetic equation of Lagergren. The equilibrium adsorption capacity Qe obtained by fitting the quasi second order kinetic equation is close to that obtained in the experiment. In general, the amount of phosphorus adsorbed by Yellow River sediment in summer is larger than that in autumn.) the thermodynamic process of phosphorus adsorption of Yellow River sediment accords with Langmiur and Freundlich equations, which indicates that the adsorption is between monolayer adsorption and multilayer adsorption. The range of adsorption / desorption equilibrium concentration (EPC0) of different sediments was 0.0089 ~ 0.1499mg / g, which was compared with the phosphorus concentration in overlying water to judge the "source" sink "attribute of sediment, and to compare the size and function of EPC0 in different years. The phosphorus flux is 62.59 kg. calculated by the EPC0 of the black sea in 2016. The maximum amount of phosphorus adsorbed by sediment was 0.0331g ~ (-1) 0.3062 mg / g ~ (-1), the average value was 0.1887mg g ~ (-1) in summer and 0.1557mg g ~ (-1) in autumn. The sediment fitting parameter Qmax-Qe was positively correlated with total organic carbon (TOC) and cation exchange capacity (cationic exchange capacity. 5) in the samples cultured with phosphorus bacteria, the species of microbes in sediment samples of Tuo county decreased, and the species of microbes in sediment samples of Laoniu Bay increased. The decomposition efficiency of phosphorus bacteria was higher, which mainly promoted the conversion of Al-P to Obs-P and increased the total amount of available phosphorus.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X52;O647.3;X176

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