本文選題：蠶沙生物炭 + 鐵　； 參考：《廣西大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：鎘、鉛、砷都是典型的土壤重金屬,土壤體系中經(jīng)常存在這種復合重金屬污染的情況,使生態(tài)環(huán)境和人體健康受到潛在的威脅。生物炭(Biochar,BC),因其具有豐富的孔隙結構、較大的比表面積和豐富的含氧官能團,這些特點使得生物炭對重金屬有較大的吸附能力,成為土壤重金屬修復方面的研究熱點。鐵基材料對重金屬的鈍化作用也逐漸被人們所重視。本研究選擇水稻土為研究對象,以蠶沙生物炭(BC)、硫酸亞鐵(FeS04)、氯化鐵(FeC13)、還原鐵粉(Fe)和納米鐵(納米Fe)為研究材料,進行室內(nèi)土培試驗。研究不同培養(yǎng)時間(7d、14d、28d和56d)下,BC配施鐵基材料對土壤鎘、鉛、砷化學形態(tài)的影響,并從土壤理化性質(zhì)、酶活性和土壤結構變化角度初步探討了不同處理鈍化修復的機理,以期探明蠶沙生物炭和鐵基材料鈍化修復重金屬復合污染土壤的可行性及其機理。主要研究結果如下:1)施加鈍化劑的處理均能降低土壤重金屬的有效性,鈍化效果明顯。綜合看來,(BC+FeS04)處理對Cd、Pb、As的鈍化效果最好。與對照相比,(BC+FeS04)處理使有機和硫化物結合態(tài)和殘渣態(tài)Cd含量增加了 40.90%,離子交換態(tài)和碳酸鹽結合態(tài)Cd含量降低了 28.44%;有機和硫化物結合態(tài)和殘渣態(tài)Pb含量增加了 23.51%;有機和硫化物結合態(tài)和殘渣態(tài)As含量增加了 1.89%,離子交換態(tài)和碳酸鹽結合態(tài)As含量降低了 10.81%。2)不同處理均能通過改變土壤性質(zhì)(pH值和CEC)從而改變土壤中Cd、Pb、As的化學形態(tài)。不同處理下土壤pH值和CEC均有所增加。培養(yǎng)結束(56 d)時,土壤pH值與對照相比顯著增加了 1.65~2.01個單位,(BC+Fe)處理土壤pH值增加最多;CEC與對照相比增加了 2.01~2.58 cmol·kg-1,(BC+Fe)處理 CEC 增加最多。3)隨著培養(yǎng)天數(shù)的增加,不同處理土壤脲酶活性基本處于上升的趨勢,在56 d達到最高值。脲酶活性最高的處理是(BC+Fe),為31.27μg·g-1。不同處理下土壤過氧化氫酶的活性變化不一致,培養(yǎng)結束(56 d)時,土壤氧化氫酶活性顯著增加了 86.70%~110·00%,(BC+Fe)和(BC+納米Fe)兩個處理過氧化氫酶的活性最高,為0.210 mL·g-1。4)XRD 譜圖分析可知 Cd、Pb、As 分別以 Cd(OH)N03、Cd(OH)2、Pb504、Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2、As205和As204等礦物相的形式被固定在土壤中。(BC+Fe)和(BC+FeS04)兩個處理Pb504的礦物相較其他處理高。綜合各處理的結果,(BC+FeSO4)處理可以顯著改善土壤環(huán)境,增加土壤pH值和CEC,增強脲酶的活性,同時對三種的重金屬也能起到較好的鈍化作用。
[Abstract]:Cadmium, lead and arsenic are typical heavy metals in soil. Because of its rich pore structure, large specific surface area and abundant oxygen-containing functional groups, biochar has a large adsorption capacity for heavy metals, which has become a research hotspot in soil heavy metal remediation. The passivation of heavy metals by iron-based materials has been paid more and more attention. In this study, paddy soil was selected as the research object, and the laboratory soil culture experiments were carried out with silkworm sand biochar (BCN), ferrous sulfate (FeS04), ferric chloride (FeC13), reducing iron powder (Fe3) and nanometer iron (nano Fe) as the research materials. The effects of ferment-based materials on the chemical forms of cadmium, lead and arsenic in soil were studied under different culture time (7d ~ 14d ~ (28 d) and 56d). The mechanism of passivation and remediation of different treatments was discussed from the aspects of soil physical and chemical properties, enzyme activity and soil structure change. The feasibility and mechanism of passivation of silkworm sand biochar and iron based materials for remediation of heavy metal compound contaminated soil were investigated. The main results are as follows: (1) the treatment of passivating agent can reduce the availability of heavy metals in soil, and the passivation effect is obvious. It is shown that the best passivation effect is obtained by BC-FeS04) treatment. Compared with the control, the organic and sulfide-bound and residual CD contents were increased by 40.90, the ion exchange and carbonate bound CD contents decreased by 28.44%, and the organic and sulfide-bound and residual Pb contents increased. The contents of organic and sulfide-bound and residual as increased by 1.89, and the contents of ion exchange and carbonate-bound as decreased by 10.81. 2) the chemical forms of CdPbAs in soil could be changed by changing the soil properties, pH value and CEC). Soil pH and CEC increased under different treatments. At the end of 56 days, the pH value of soil increased significantly by 1.65 ~ 2.01 units per unit of BC Fe compared with the control. The soil pH value of the treatment increased the most than that of the control. Compared with the control, the soil pH value of the treatment increased by 2.01 ~ 2.58 cmol 路kg ~ (-1) cmol 路kg ~ (-1) and the CEC of the treatment increased the most. 3) with the increase of the days of culture, the soil pH value of the treatment increased the most. The soil urease activity of different treatments was on the rise and reached the highest value at 56 days. The highest urease activity was treated with FeBC, 31.27 渭 g / g 路g ~ (-1). The activity of catalase in soil was different under different treatments. At the end of culture, the activity of hydrogen oxide increased significantly (86.70%) and (11000000) and nano-Fe2 (Fe3), respectively. The activity of catalase was the highest at the end of the incubation period, and the activity of catalase was the highest at the end of culture. For the analysis of 0.210 mL g-1.4)XRD spectra, the mineral facies of Pb504 treated with Pb504 were higher than that of other treatments, respectively, in the form of the mineral phases, such as the mineral phases of CDOHHN03C03OHHX 2Pb504 and Pb3CO3CO3OHf2As205 and As204) in the soil. The results showed that the mineral phases of the two treatments were higher than those of the other treatments, and the results showed that the mineral phases of the two treatments were higher than those of the other treatments, and the mineral phases of the two treatments were higher than those of the other treatments. Combined with the results of each treatment, the treatment could significantly improve soil environment, increase soil pH value and CEC, enhance urease activity, and also play a better role in passivation of three heavy metals.
【學位授予單位】：廣西大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X53

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