本文選題：懸浮填料 + 彈性填料��； 參考：《江南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,我國(guó)的城鎮(zhèn)化建設(shè)以及工農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)的發(fā)展,導(dǎo)致地表水污染狀況日益嚴(yán)峻�；�2014年無錫市濱湖區(qū)蠡河河水水質(zhì)的調(diào)查和監(jiān)測(cè),針對(duì)蠡河污染物質(zhì),尤其是氮,采用悶曝排泥法的掛膜方式,開展了模擬河水生物膜反應(yīng)器的掛膜啟動(dòng)和工藝運(yùn)行性能研究,并深入探討了水力停留時(shí)間和溫度對(duì)系統(tǒng)內(nèi)微生物群落結(jié)構(gòu)和功能菌群的影響,從而篩選出性能良好的生物填料,并確定了反應(yīng)器的最佳工藝參數(shù),以期為凈化蠡河水體,減少流入太湖的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)(尤其是氮),實(shí)施蠡河生態(tài)修復(fù)示范工程提供科學(xué)依據(jù)與技術(shù)支持,并可以為其他類似河流生態(tài)修復(fù)工程提供技術(shù)參照。主要研究成果如下:(1)選用懸浮填料和彈性填料,均接種無錫市濱湖區(qū)蠡河河流底泥和城北污水處理廠活性污泥,開展模擬河水生物膜反應(yīng)器的掛膜啟動(dòng)性能研究。結(jié)果表明,彈性填料可以有效縮短反應(yīng)器的掛膜啟動(dòng)過程,運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定階段四組反應(yīng)器NH+4-N去除率均維持在97%以上,COD_(Mn)去除率維持在80%以上,TN去除率維持在40%~50%之間。穩(wěn)定階段彈性填料附著生物膜的活性更高,胞外多聚物(EPS)含量更多且EPS對(duì)微生物細(xì)胞的聚集作用更強(qiáng)。(2)在掛膜啟動(dòng)穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的基礎(chǔ)上探究水力停留時(shí)間(HRT)、溫度(T)和碳氮比(C/N)對(duì)不同填料生物膜反應(yīng)器運(yùn)行性能的影響,結(jié)合掛膜啟動(dòng)過程,表明在HRT=14.80 h,T=28°C、C/N=11:1運(yùn)行條件下,系統(tǒng)處理性能最佳。在掛膜啟動(dòng)穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的基礎(chǔ)上探究水力停留時(shí)間(11.90 h、9.89 h、7.99 h)對(duì)不同填料生物膜反應(yīng)器運(yùn)行性能的影響,整個(gè)運(yùn)行過程中彈性填料出水明顯優(yōu)于懸浮填料;同一運(yùn)行工況下彈性填料富集的生物膜具有較高的活性生物量和EPS含量,生物膜結(jié)構(gòu)更為致密,胞外物質(zhì)更為發(fā)達(dá)。在掛膜啟動(dòng)穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的基礎(chǔ)上探究溫度(24°C、18°C、10°C)對(duì)不同填料生物膜反應(yīng)器運(yùn)行性能的影響。三維熒光光譜類富里酸和類胡敏酸熒光峰強(qiáng)度的增強(qiáng)證實(shí)溫度對(duì)EPS產(chǎn)生了較大影響,但彈性填料EPS中熒光峰始終強(qiáng)于懸浮填料,表明彈性填料生物膜EPS中含有更高的物質(zhì)濃度,因此低溫下彈性填料依然可以維持較高的污染物去除效率且低溫下彈性填料附著的生物膜結(jié)構(gòu)仍較為致密。在掛膜啟動(dòng)穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行的基礎(chǔ)上探究C/N(7:1、11:1、16:1)對(duì)不同填料生物膜反應(yīng)器運(yùn)行性能的影響。外加碳源可以強(qiáng)化系統(tǒng)的反硝化性能,當(dāng)系統(tǒng)C/N為11:1時(shí),彈性填料NH+4-N去除率依然保持在90%左右,且NO-3-N出水僅累積到2.5 mg/左右,COD_(Mn)去除率升至90%左右,可見彈性填料在反硝化性能方面有明顯優(yōu)勢(shì)。(3)高通量測(cè)序分析水力停留時(shí)間為7.99 h運(yùn)行條件下四個(gè)生物膜樣品中的菌群,檢測(cè)到的氨氧化菌和亞硝酸鹽氧化菌分別為亞硝化單胞菌屬(Nitrosomonas)和硝化螺旋菌屬(Nitrospira),其中接種底泥的懸浮填料和彈性填料富集的Nitrosomonas豐度分別為0.29%和0.35%,Nitrospira豐度均為0.47%,接種活性污泥的懸浮填料和彈性填料富集的Nitrosomonas豐度分別為0.87%和1.31%,Nitrospira豐度分別為2.01%和2.21%。檢測(cè)到的反硝化菌種類較為豐富,其中接種底泥的懸浮填料和彈性填料富集的反硝化菌豐度豐度分別為1.13%和1.81%,接種活性污泥的懸浮填料和彈性填料富集的反硝化菌豐度分別為2.50%和2.98%。同種接種泥條件下,彈性填料較強(qiáng)的生物親和性可以固定較高比例的脫氮功能菌群,可見彈性填料具有較強(qiáng)的抗沖擊負(fù)荷性能。高通量測(cè)序分析溫度為24°C和10°C運(yùn)行條件下接種底泥的四個(gè)生物膜樣品中的菌群。當(dāng)溫度由24°C降至10°C時(shí),接種底泥的彈性填料生物膜內(nèi)Nitrosomonas豐度由1.11%降至0.63%,而懸浮填料Nitrosomonas豐度由0.96%降至0.41%,可見低溫下具有較強(qiáng)親水性的彈性填料依然保存著較高的Nitrosomonas豐度。另外,低溫促進(jìn)了Nitrospira的快速增長(zhǎng),成為系統(tǒng)內(nèi)的優(yōu)勢(shì)脫氮菌群,而反硝化過程極其微弱,并不顯著。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the construction of urbanization and the development of industrial and agricultural production in our country have resulted in the increasingly severe surface water pollution. Based on the investigation and monitoring of the water quality of Lihe River in Wuxi, in 2014, the hanging membrane of the simulated river water biofilm reactor was carried out against the pollution material of Lihe River, especially the nitrogen. The effects of the hydraulic retention time and temperature on the microbial community structure and functional bacteria in the system were investigated, and the biological fillers with good performance were screened and the optimum parameters of the reactor were determined, in order to purify the Lihe River and reduce the influx of nutrients (especially nitrogen) to Taihu. The ecological restoration demonstration project of Shi Li River provides scientific basis and technical support, and can provide technical reference for other similar river ecological restoration projects. The main research results are as follows: (1) using suspended filler and elastic filler, inoculating the bottom mud of Lihe River in Wuxi and the activated sludge of the sewage treatment plant in the north of Chengdu City, and carrying out the simulated river water. The results show that the elastic packing can effectively shorten the start-up process of the reactor, and the removal rate of NH+4-N in the four groups of reactors at the stable stage is above 97%, the removal rate of COD_ (Mn) is above 80%, and the removal rate of TN is maintained at 40%~50%. The activity is higher, the content of extracellular polymer (EPS) is more and the aggregation effect of EPS is stronger. (2) the effect of hydraulic retention time (HRT), temperature (T) and carbon nitrogen ratio (C/N) on the operating energy of the biofilm reactor with different fillers are studied on the basis of the stable operation of the membrane, and it is shown in the HRT=14.80 h, T=28 [C, and C] in conjunction with the starting process of the membrane. Under the operating conditions of /N=11:1, the performance of the system is the best. The effect of hydraulic retention time (11.90 h, 9.89 h, 7.99 h) on the performance of different packing biomembrane reactors is investigated on the basis of the stable operation of the membrane. The membrane has a higher active biomass and EPS content, the biofilm structure is more compact and the extracellular material is more developed. The effect of temperature (24 C, 18 degree C, 10 degree C) on the performance of the biofilm reactor with different fillings is investigated on the basis of the stable operation of the membrane. The real temperature has a great influence on the EPS, but the fluorescence peak in the elastic filler EPS is always stronger than the suspended filler. It shows that the elastic filler biofilm EPS contains a higher substance concentration. Therefore, the elastic filler can still maintain high pollutant removal efficiency at low temperature and the biofilm structure with elastic filling at low temperature is still relatively dense. The effect of C/N (7:1,11:1,16:1) on the performance of the biofilm reactor with different packing is investigated on the basis of the stable operation of the membrane. The external carbon source can strengthen the denitrification performance of the system. When the system C/N is 11:1, the NH+4-N removal rate of the elastic filler remains at about 90%, and the NO-3-N effluent accumulates only to about 2.5 mg/, and the COD_ (Mn) removal rate rises. To about 90%, the elastic fillers have obvious advantages in denitrification. (3) high throughput sequencing analysis of the four biofilm samples under the hydraulic retention time of 7.99 h, and the detected ammonia oxidizing bacteria and nitrite oxidizers are nitrifying monomonas (Nitrosomonas) and nitrifying helix (Nitrospira), respectively. The abundance of Nitrosomonas enrichment was 0.29% and 0.35%, and the abundance of Nitrospira was 0.47%. The abundance of Nitrosomonas was 0.87% and 1.31%, respectively, and the species of denitrifying bacteria detected by Nitrospira were 2.01% and 2.21%. respectively. The abundances of the denitrifying bacteria enriched by the suspended packing and the elastic filler were 1.13% and 1.81%, respectively, and the abundances of the denitrifying bacteria enriched by the suspended packing and the elastic filler were 2.50% and the 2.98%. inoculated mud respectively. The stronger biocompatibility of the elastic filler could be fixed to a higher proportion. Denitrogenation functional bacteria showed strong resistance to impact load. High throughput sequencing analysis of bacteria in four biofilm samples inoculated with sediment under 24 C and 10 C operating conditions. When the temperature was reduced from 24 C to 10 C, the abundance of Nitrosomonas in the biofilm of the elastic filler inoculated to the sediment was reduced from 1.11% to 0.63%, and the suspension was suspended. The abundance of Nitrosomonas was reduced from 0.96% to 0.41%, and the strong hydrophilic elastic filler at low temperature still kept high Nitrosomonas abundance. In addition, the low temperature promoted the rapid growth of Nitrospira and became the dominant denitrification bacteria group in the system, and the denitrification process was very weak and not significant.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：江南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X52;X172

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