本文選題：好氧顆粒污泥 + 納米二氧化鈦　； 參考：《山東大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：磺胺嘧啶(Sulfadiazine,SD)是使用最廣的抗生素之一,它是由嘧啶環(huán)和苯環(huán)共同組成的含有硫和氮兩元素的有機物,是在自然界中很難被生物利用降解的有機物,也是最經(jīng)常使用的磺胺類藥物。由于該藥的用量逐年增大,環(huán)境中經(jīng)常檢測到該物質濃度超標,這嚴重威脅著水環(huán)境生態(tài)平衡和人類健康,所以目前針對如何高效降解磺胺類廢水的研究越來越多。本論文在序批式污泥反應器中培養(yǎng)得到好氧顆粒污泥并以其為吸附劑負載納米二氧化鈦而制備得到一種新型納米生物材料,分析其對水中的納米二氧化鈦的吸附機理及二氧化鈦負載對顆粒污泥造成的影響。另外,還考察了此納米生物材料在紫外光條件下對磺胺嘧啶的去除效果及生成的中間產(chǎn)物研究。主要研究內(nèi)容和結果如下:1.通過提高SBR反應器里的進水負荷和曝氣量、加入鈣離子作為顆粒內(nèi)核、不斷降低污泥沉降時間等控制條件培養(yǎng)出成熟的顆粒污泥。培養(yǎng)得到的顆粒污泥為黃褐色,具有結構緊湊、快速沉降和生物菌落豐富等特點。形成的顆粒粒徑在1-5 mm,SVI大約40 mL/g,反應器對進水COD和氨氮的降解效率高達98%。2.在序批式顆粒污泥反應器中加入一定濃度二氧化鈦使其負載到顆粒污泥表面,利用掃描電鏡(SEM)、X射線能譜分析(EDS)、激光共聚焦熒光顯微鏡(CLSM)等方法對生成的納米生物材料進行表征和生物影響分析。此外,考察了好氧顆粒污泥對溶液中納米二氧化鈦的吸附機理。數(shù)據(jù)表明,顆粒污泥吸附P25的過程更符合偽二級動力學模型,其相關系數(shù)均大于0.999。整個吸附受表面擴散和顆粒內(nèi)部擴散協(xié)同作用影響,但是表面擴散在當中其主要作用。隨后的脫附實驗發(fā)現(xiàn)震蕩過程中脫落的P25幾乎可以忽略不計,這說明P25和顆粒污泥結合比較牢固。通過對EPS中PN,PS和活死細胞的測定發(fā)現(xiàn),隨著二氧化鈦濃度的不斷增高,顆粒污泥的表面會出現(xiàn)一定量細胞的死亡,從而導致PN,PS的下降。3.紫外光在一定光強和光照時間內(nèi),可以促進顆粒污泥中異養(yǎng)菌的活性,并且不會對AOB造成太大影響。紫外線照射促進了 SD的光降解,降解過程中生成了部分中間產(chǎn)物,主要包括:2-AP和4-APS,氨,硫酸根等,其中2-AP和SD 一樣容易對生物產(chǎn)生抑制作用,而4-ABS容易被生物所降解。納米二氧化鈦負載后的顆粒污泥對氨氮的降解率并沒有下降,這可能是因為SD降解過程中生成部分氨氮;但是其對SD的降解率得到了提高,原因是一方面光降解產(chǎn)生的中間產(chǎn)物4-ABS更利于被生物降解,從而減小了 SD對生物的抑制作用;另一方面二氧化鈦在紫外光照下產(chǎn)生的活性自由基促進了 SD的氧化。
[Abstract]:Sulfadiazine SDB is one of the most widely used antibiotics. It is an organic substance consisting of pyrimidine ring and benzene ring containing sulfur and nitrogen, which is difficult to biodegrade in nature. It is also the most frequently used sulfonamides. Because the dosage of the drug increases year by year and the concentration of this substance is often detected in the environment, which seriously threatens the ecological balance of water environment and human health, there are more and more researches on how to efficiently degrade sulfanilamide wastewater. In this paper, aerobic granular sludge was cultured in sequencing batch sludge reactor and loaded with nano-TiO _ 2 as adsorbent to prepare a novel nano-biomaterial. The adsorption mechanism of nano-TiO _ 2 in water and the effect of TIO _ 2 loading on granular sludge were analyzed. In addition, the removal efficiency of sulfadiazine and its intermediate products were investigated under ultraviolet light. The main contents and results are as follows: 1. The mature granular sludge was cultivated by increasing the influent load and aeration rate in the SBR reactor and adding calcium ion as the core of the granules. The cultivated granular sludge is yellowish brown, with compact structure, rapid sedimentation and abundant biological colonies. The particle size is about 40 mL / g, and the degradation efficiency of influent COD and ammonia nitrogen is as high as 98.2. A certain concentration of titanium dioxide was added to the sequencing batch granular sludge reactor to load it onto the surface of the granular sludge. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal fluorescence microscopy (CLSM) were used to characterize the nanomaterials and analyze their biological effects. In addition, the adsorption mechanism of aerobic granular sludge to nano-TiO _ 2 in solution was investigated. The data show that the adsorption process of P25 by granular sludge is more in line with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the correlation coefficients are all greater than 0.999. The adsorption is affected by the synergistic effect of surface diffusion and particle diffusion, but surface diffusion plays a major role. The subsequent desorption experiments showed that the P25 falling off during the oscillation process was almost negligible, which indicated that P25 and the granular sludge were relatively strong. It was found that with the increasing concentration of titanium dioxide, a certain number of cells would die on the surface of granular sludge, which would lead to the decrease of PNs. 3. Ultraviolet light could promote the activity of heterotrophic bacteria in granular sludge under certain light intensity and illumination time, and it would not affect AOB significantly. UV irradiation promoted the photodegradation of SD, and some intermediate products were formed during the degradation process, including: 2-AP and 4-APS, ammonia, sulfate, etc. 2-AP and SD can easily inhibit the biodegradation of SD, while 4-ABS is easily biodegradable. The degradation rate of ammonia nitrogen by granular sludge loaded with nano titanium dioxide has not decreased, which may be due to the formation of part of ammonia nitrogen in SD degradation process, but the degradation rate of SD has been improved. The reason is that on the one hand, the intermediate product 4-ABS produced by photodegradation is more favorable to biodegradation, thus reducing the inhibitory effect of SD on biology; on the other hand, the active free radicals produced by titanium dioxide under ultraviolet irradiation promote the oxidation of SD.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X703

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