本文選題：碳納米管 + 硝基苯��； 參考：《中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：碳納米管是一種新型的碳納米材料,它具有大的表面積、良好的導(dǎo)電性、高度的多孔結(jié)構(gòu)、豐富的含氧官能團(tuán)等特點(diǎn)而被用于航空航天、汽車(chē)制造、醫(yī)療保健、環(huán)境保護(hù)等領(lǐng)域。雖然碳納米管早已被用于環(huán)境領(lǐng)域,但人們對(duì)碳納米管在污染控制方面的研究還僅限于它的吸附能力,缺少其它方面的相關(guān)研究。本課題以硝基苯和偶氮染料兩種典型的水體污染物為研究對(duì)象,以環(huán)境中常見(jiàn)的還原性物質(zhì)硫化鈉為還原劑,探討了碳納米管介導(dǎo)水體污染物非生物降解的可能性,考察了不同因素對(duì)碳納米管介導(dǎo)污染物降解的影響,研究了碳納米管介導(dǎo)偶氮染料降解和其結(jié)構(gòu)之間的構(gòu)效關(guān)系,并探討了碳納米管的作用機(jī)理。本文的研究?jī)?nèi)容和主要結(jié)論如下:1、評(píng)估了碳納米管介導(dǎo)污染物非生物降解的可能性。研究結(jié)果表明碳納米管的存在可以極大的促進(jìn)硝基苯和偶氮染料的非生物降解。硝基苯降解的偽一級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)常數(shù)由(3.44±0.26)×10-3 h-1提高到(1.40±0.08)×10-2h-1。未加碳納米管前甲基橙幾乎不降解,橙黃Ⅰ在經(jīng)過(guò)100 min反應(yīng)后降解率僅為15.9%,當(dāng)加入碳納米管后甲基橙在50 min時(shí)就已經(jīng)完全脫色,橙黃Ⅰ也在100 min時(shí)完全脫色。2、研究了不同表面改性對(duì)碳納米管介導(dǎo)污染物非生物降解的影響。研究結(jié)果表明,經(jīng)過(guò)退火處理后的碳納米管具有更好的催化能力,尤其是400℃退火處理后,碳納米管介導(dǎo)硝基苯降解的偽一級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)速率常數(shù)提高5倍以上。然而,氬等離子輻射處理對(duì)碳納米管介導(dǎo)污染物非生物降解影響甚微。3、考察了多種因素對(duì)碳納米管介導(dǎo)硝基苯非生物降解的影響。研究結(jié)果表明,碳納米管介導(dǎo)硝基苯降解的最佳pH為7～8之間,腐殖酸的存在會(huì)抑制碳納米管介導(dǎo)硝基苯降解,碳納米管介導(dǎo)硫化物化學(xué)還原降解硝基苯的表觀活化能為29.0kJ mol-1,碳納米管介導(dǎo)硝基苯非生物降解所需硫化鈉最低濃度為0.98 mM。4、探究了偶氮染料不同構(gòu)型對(duì)碳納米管介導(dǎo)偶氮染料非生物降解的影響。研究表明,不同構(gòu)型對(duì)碳納米管介導(dǎo)偶氮染料非生物降解影響很大,吸電子基團(tuán)例如羧基、硝基、磺酸基等能夠促進(jìn)偶氮染料的還原,而斥電子基團(tuán)例如羥基、氨基等會(huì)抑制偶氮染料的還原。取代基所處的位置也對(duì)碳納米管介導(dǎo)偶氮染料非生物降解影響很大,羧基處于鄰位相對(duì)于其他位置對(duì)偶氮染料還原具有促進(jìn)作用,羥基處理鄰位對(duì)偶氮染料還原具有抑制作用。
[Abstract]:Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are a new type of carbon nanomaterials with large surface area, good electrical conductivity, high porous structure, rich oxygen functional groups and so on, which have been used in aerospace, automobile manufacturing, medical care, etc.Environmental protection and other fieldsAlthough carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been used in the field of environment for a long time, the study of carbon nanotubes in pollution control is limited to its adsorption ability and lack of other related research.In this paper, two typical water pollutants, nitrobenzene and azo dyes, were studied. The possibility of non-biodegradation of water pollutants mediated by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was discussed with sodium sulphide, a common reducing substance in the environment, as the reducing agent.The effects of different factors on the degradation of pollutants mediated by carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were investigated. The structure-activity relationship between CNTs mediated degradation of azo dyes and their structures was studied, and the mechanism of action of CNTs was also discussed.The research contents and main conclusions are as follows: 1. The possibility of non-biodegradation of pollutants mediated by carbon nanotubes was evaluated.The results show that the existence of carbon nanotubes can greatly promote the non-biodegradation of nitrobenzene and azo dyes.The pseudo-first-order kinetic constant of nitrobenzene degradation was increased from 3.44 鹵0.26 脳 10-3 h ~ (-1) to 1.40 鹵0.08 脳 10 ~ (-2) h ~ (-1).There was almost no degradation of methyl orange without carbon nanotubes, and the degradation rate of orange I was only 15.9 after 100 min reaction. When adding carbon nanotubes, methyl orange was decolorized completely at 50 min.Orange 鈪，

本文編號(hào)：1765967