本文選題：農(nóng)田退水 + 磷�。� 參考：《西南交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,為了達(dá)到高產(chǎn)的目的,在實(shí)際農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)過重中會(huì)增加肥料施用的投入,尤其是化學(xué)肥料。但是施用大量的化肥,不僅加劇了農(nóng)田土壤的負(fù)擔(dān),還會(huì)造成環(huán)境的污染。自然條件下,土壤有效磷的含量很低,為保證土壤磷元素的養(yǎng)分充足,通常施用過量的磷肥。長期而過量施用磷肥,會(huì)造成土壤的富磷狀態(tài),加速磷元素流失的速度。經(jīng)過農(nóng)田灌溉和雨水沖刷,土壤中大量磷元素進(jìn)入河流、湖泊等水體,造成水體嚴(yán)重污染,加劇其富營養(yǎng)化程度。目前國內(nèi)外學(xué)者也開展了大量對(duì)農(nóng)田退水的污染的研究工作,在土壤溶質(zhì)運(yùn)動(dòng)機(jī)理與模型研究上有了大量實(shí)驗(yàn)論據(jù),但是對(duì)農(nóng)田退水中氮磷等污染物的遷移規(guī)律上還缺乏深入的研究。本實(shí)驗(yàn)主要研究在不同降雨強(qiáng)度和不同種類肥料兩種大條件下,磷元素在種植小白菜的模擬農(nóng)田的退水中殘留的濃度大小、濃度變化特征,并為實(shí)際工程中不同種類化肥的對(duì)農(nóng)田退水污染及農(nóng)村面源污染的研究提供一定的理論方面的基礎(chǔ)和指導(dǎo)作用。本論文從以下幾個(gè)方面進(jìn)行研究:1)在施用不同種類肥料的情況下,施用有機(jī)肥、單效磷肥及復(fù)合肥的模擬農(nóng)田系統(tǒng)的地表徑流中總磷、可溶性總磷及可溶性磷酸鹽濃度之間差距較小,不施肥的地表徑流水樣中各形態(tài)磷的濃度顯著小于施用了肥料的。各實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)M農(nóng)田系統(tǒng)中地表徑流總磷流失的大小為有機(jī)肥單效磷肥復(fù)合肥不施肥,可溶性總磷流失的大小為單效磷肥有機(jī)肥復(fù)合肥不施肥,可溶性磷酸鹽流失的大小為單效磷肥有機(jī)肥復(fù)合肥不施肥。施用有機(jī)肥、單效磷肥及復(fù)合肥的模擬農(nóng)田系統(tǒng)中地表徑流中顆粒態(tài)磷占流失的磷的大部分。2)在施用不同種類肥料的情況下,施用有機(jī)肥、單效磷肥及復(fù)合肥的模擬農(nóng)田系統(tǒng)底層淋溶液中總磷、可溶性總磷及可溶性磷酸鹽濃度之間差距較小,不施肥的淋溶液樣中各形態(tài)磷的濃度顯著小于施用了肥料的。各實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)M農(nóng)田系統(tǒng)中淋溶液總磷流失的大小為單效磷肥有機(jī)肥復(fù)合肥不施肥,可溶性總磷流失的大小為單效磷肥有機(jī)肥復(fù)合肥不施肥,可溶性磷酸鹽流失的大小為單效磷肥有機(jī)肥復(fù)合肥不施肥。各實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)M農(nóng)田系統(tǒng)中底層淋溶液中流失的磷中可溶性磷占大部分3)不同降雨強(qiáng)度條件下,模擬農(nóng)田系統(tǒng)中地表徑流中總磷、可溶性總磷及可溶性磷酸鹽濃度比較,在降雨強(qiáng)度為50mm/h、80mm/h、100mm/h的條件下,施用有機(jī)肥的地表徑流水樣中各形態(tài)磷的濃度與降雨量呈正相關(guān)。地表徑流總磷、可溶性總磷及可溶性磷酸鹽流失規(guī)律為:第一次降雨各磷流失濃度最大,在前3次降雨時(shí)逐漸減小,第4次降雨后各組總磷流失趨于平穩(wěn)。4)不同降雨強(qiáng)度條件下,模擬農(nóng)田系統(tǒng)中淋溶液中總磷、可溶性總磷及可溶性磷酸鹽濃度比較,在降雨強(qiáng)度為50mm/h、80mm/h、100mm/h的條件下,施用有機(jī)肥的淋溶液水樣中各形態(tài)磷的濃度與降雨量呈正相關(guān)。淋溶液中總磷、可溶性總磷及可溶性磷酸鹽流失規(guī)律為:在8次降雨中,前3次降雨淋溶液中總磷濃度逐漸增大,第4次降雨各組實(shí)驗(yàn)的淋溶液總磷流失最大,之后降雨總磷流失逐漸減小。
[Abstract]:In recent years, in order to achieve the goal of high yield, increase fertilizer input in agricultural production is actual, especially the application of chemical fertilizer. But a lot of chemical fertilizer, not only increased the burden of farmland soil, can also cause environmental pollution. Under natural conditions, soil phosphorus content is very low, in order to ensure the soil phosphorus the nutrient rich, usually excessive application of phosphate fertilizer. The long-term excessive application of phosphate fertilizer, phosphorus rich state will cause soil phosphorus loss, accelerated speed. After irrigation and rain erosion, a large number of phosphorus in soil into rivers, lakes and other water bodies, causing serious pollution of water bodies, aggravate the eutrophication. At present domestic and foreign scholars have carried out a large number of irrigation return water pollution, there are a lot of experimental arguments in the study of soil solute movement mechanism and model, but the farmland nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in water withdrawal Further research is lack of migration matters. This experiment mainly studied in different rainfall intensity and two kinds of different kinds of fertilizer conditions, phosphorus concentration in the water residue return simulation of Chinese cabbage planting, the concentration variation, and provide a theoretic basis and guidance for the practical research in different types of fertilizers on farmland water pollution and non-point source pollution in rural areas. This paper carried out the research from the following aspects: 1) in the case of different kinds of fertilizers, organic fertilizer, phosphorus runoff simulation system of single effect of phosphate fertilizer and compound fertilizer in farmland, between soluble total phosphorus and soluble the phosphate concentration the smaller the gap, concentration of various phosphorus forms in surface runoff samples without fertilizer in the fertilizer application significantly less than. Simulation of surface runoff phosphorus loss in the farmland system the size of each experiment For the single effect of organic fertilizer phosphate compound fertilizer fertilizer, soluble phosphorus loss in the size of the single effect of phosphate fertilizer organic fertilizer compound fertilizer fertilizer, soluble phosphate loss size for the single effect of phosphate fertilizer organic fertilizer compound fertilizer fertilizer. Organic fertilizer,.2 most of the single effect of phosphate fertilizer and compound fertilizer particle surface runoff in farmland system phosphorus loss accounted for phosphorus) in the case of different kinds of fertilizers, organic fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and single effect simulation system of farmland fertilizer bottom leaching solution, soluble total phosphorus and soluble phosphate concentration the smaller the gap, the concentration of various phosphorus forms no fertilizer leaching solution in the fertilizer application significantly less than the simulation experiment of leaching solution. The phosphorus loss in the farmland system is the size of the single effect of phosphate fertilizer organic fertilizer compound fertilizer fertilizer, soluble phosphorus loss in the size of the single effect of phosphate compound fertilizer without organic fertilizer The size of the loss of soluble phosphate fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and organic fertilizer for the single effect of compound fertilizer fertilizer. The experimental simulation of soluble phosphorus loss with the underlying solution in the farmland system in P) accounted for most of the 3 different rainfall intensities, surface runoff simulation of total phosphorus in the farmland system, can compare the soluble phosphorus and soluble phosphate concentration in the rainfall intensity is 50mm/h, 80mm/h, 100mm/h, the concentration of various phosphorus forms in surface organic fertilizer runoff water samples was positively correlated with rainfall. The surface runoff of total phosphorus, soluble phosphorus and soluble phosphate loss law for the first time the largest concentration of rainfall and phosphorus loss, decreased in 3 times before the rain, fourth times the rainfall after the phosphorus loss stabilized.4) under different rainfall intensity conditions, simulation of phosphorus leaching solution in the farmland system, the comparison of soluble total phosphorus and soluble phosphate concentration in rainfall The strength of 50mm/h, 80mm/h, 100mm/h, the concentration of phosphorus leaching solution of organic fertilizer in water samples was positively correlated with rainfall. The total phosphorus leaching solution, soluble total phosphorus and soluble phosphate loss rule: in 8 rain, 3 times before the total phosphorus concentration in the leaching solution of rainfall increases gradually, leaching solution the fourth group of the total rainfall maximum loss after rainfall, the phosphorus loss decreases.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X712

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本文編號(hào)：1764121