本文選題：垃圾 + 農(nóng)村　； 參考：《農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)報(bào)》2017年15期

【摘要】：中國(guó)農(nóng)村生活垃圾對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境的污染日益嚴(yán)重,為給農(nóng)村生活垃圾的管理提供相應(yīng)的理論支撐和技術(shù)支持,促進(jìn)"新農(nóng)村"的建設(shè),該文基于對(duì)西部6省18縣59村580戶農(nóng)戶的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)研和全國(guó)25個(gè)省(市)128篇文獻(xiàn)調(diào)研的數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì),對(duì)中國(guó)農(nóng)村生活垃圾的來源、產(chǎn)生率、產(chǎn)生量、組分、容重、可壓縮性等特征進(jìn)行了全面、系統(tǒng)的歸納總結(jié)與分析。結(jié)果表明:中國(guó)農(nóng)村生活垃圾產(chǎn)生率介于0.034~3.000 kg/(人·d)之間,中位值為0.521 kg/(人·d),2014年產(chǎn)生量達(dá)到1.48億t,具有來源廣泛且分散、產(chǎn)率低、產(chǎn)量高、增長(zhǎng)迅速、區(qū)域差異顯著等特點(diǎn)。生活垃圾主要組分包括廚余類、灰土類、橡塑類和紙類,其濕基質(zhì)量累計(jì)百分比達(dá)到了83.61%,區(qū)域差異顯著;與城市生活垃圾組分相比,具有低廚余和金屬、高灰土含量的特點(diǎn),并逐漸趨于城市化。生活垃圾的容重介于40~650 kg/m~3之間,平均值為263 kg/m~3,可壓縮性較好。根據(jù)生活垃圾特性,在實(shí)施"村收集-鎮(zhèn)運(yùn)輸-縣處理"管理模式的農(nóng)村,建議采用壓縮式中轉(zhuǎn)站和垃圾車進(jìn)行收運(yùn);在有條件的農(nóng)村地區(qū),可逐步開展垃圾分類收集,將廚余和灰土從生活垃圾中分離后就地消納。
[Abstract]:The pollution of rural domestic waste to the ecological environment is becoming more and more serious in China, which provides corresponding theoretical and technical support for the management of rural domestic waste, and promotes the construction of "new countryside".Based on the field investigation of 59,580 farmers in 59 villages in 18 counties in 6 provinces of western China and the mathematical statistics of 128 articles in 25 provinces (cities) of China, the source, production rate, production capacity, composition, bulk density of domestic garbage in rural areas of China are studied.The compressibility and other characteristics are summarized and analyzed comprehensively and systematically.The results showed that the production rate of rural domestic waste in China was between 0.034 ~ 3.000 kg / (man dd), with a median value of 0.521 kg / r. (the output reached 148 million t in 2014, which had the characteristics of wide and dispersed sources, low yield, high yield, rapid growth and significant regional difference.The main components of MSW include kitchen waste, lime-soil, rubber-plastic and paper-type. The accumulated percentage of wet base mass reaches 83.61, and the regional difference is significant. Compared with the components of municipal domestic waste, it has the characteristics of low kitchen waste, metal content and high lime-soil content.And gradually tend to urbanization.The bulk density of MSW is between 40 ~ 650 kg/m~3 and the average value is 263 kg / m ~ (3). The compressibility of MSW is good.Based on the characteristics of domestic waste, in rural areas where the management model of "village collection, town transportation and county treatment" is implemented, it is recommended that compressed transit stations and garbage trucks be used for collection and transportation; in rural areas where conditions exist, garbage collection can be carried out step by step.Separate kitchen waste and lime-soil from domestic waste and absorb them locally.
【作者單位】： 地質(zhì)災(zāi)害防治與地質(zhì)環(huán)境保護(hù)國(guó)家重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室(成都理工大學(xué));國(guó)家環(huán)境保護(hù)水土污染協(xié)同控制與聯(lián)合修復(fù)重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室(成都理工大學(xué));農(nóng)業(yè)部沼氣科學(xué)研究所;西南交通大學(xué)地球科學(xué)與環(huán)境工程學(xué)院;西藏大學(xué)理學(xué)院;中國(guó)城市建設(shè)研究院有限公司;
【基金】：國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(41602240) 中國(guó)博士后科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(2016M592646) 四川省科技計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(No.2016JY0107&2017ZR0044) 中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)院科技創(chuàng)新工程 西藏自治區(qū)科技計(jì)劃重點(diǎn)科技項(xiàng)目(Z2016C01G01106)
【分類號(hào)】：X799.3

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