本文選題：海拉爾河 + 抗生素�。� 參考：《西安科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著抗生素用藥量的不斷增大,抗生素污染對(duì)水環(huán)境造成的潛在威脅越來(lái)越受到重視,而現(xiàn)有研究對(duì)于抗生素在環(huán)境介質(zhì)上的吸附機(jī)制,及在自然環(huán)境中發(fā)生的非生物轉(zhuǎn)化認(rèn)識(shí)依然不足,因此,分析水環(huán)境中抗生素的殘留量、風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以及在水環(huán)境中遷移規(guī)律具有重要意義。論文以內(nèi)蒙古呼倫貝爾地區(qū)海拉爾河為研究對(duì)象現(xiàn)場(chǎng)采樣,并利用高效液相色譜串聯(lián)質(zhì)譜法建立抗生素的檢測(cè)方法,找出典型抗生素污染物;結(jié)合海拉爾河沉積物中含較高濃度腐殖酸的特點(diǎn),研究腐殖酸對(duì)典型抗生素污染物的吸附性作用,得到如下結(jié)論:海拉爾河融雪期的抗生素污染主要以喹諾酮類為主,且含量在我國(guó)檢測(cè)的枯水期河流中處于中等水平,從上游至下游污染逐漸降低,支流伊敏河污染不嚴(yán)重,輝河污染較輕且主要集中在上游;海拉爾河夏雨期的抗生素污染主要以四環(huán)素類為主,且含量在我國(guó)檢測(cè)的豐水期河流中處于較低水平,從上游至下游污染并沒(méi)有明顯規(guī)律,主要集中在畜牧業(yè)發(fā)達(dá)的地區(qū),支流伊敏河污染仍不嚴(yán)重,輝河污染較輕且主要集中在上游。兩個(gè)時(shí)期的喹諾酮類抗生素都存在高風(fēng)險(xiǎn),主要是氧氟沙星(OFL)和環(huán)丙沙星(CIP),而四環(huán)素類抗生素分布廣也應(yīng)引起重視。室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)所選取的氧氟沙星(OFL)和土霉素(OTC)在腐殖酸上的吸附12h均可以達(dá)到吸附平衡,高溫利于吸附的進(jìn)行;OFL和OTC在腐殖酸上吸附主要受物理作用控制,前者為吸熱反應(yīng),后者為放熱反應(yīng);腐殖酸對(duì)OFL的吸附在中性條件下吸附量最大,對(duì)OTC的吸附在酸性條件下吸附量最大;腐殖酸對(duì)兩者的吸附量隨溶液中離子強(qiáng)度的增大均逐漸減小;OFL和OTC在腐殖酸上的吸附主要受靜電作用、疏水性作用、氫鍵作用、離子交換作用的影響,其中離子交換是主導(dǎo)吸附的關(guān)鍵因素。研究結(jié)果揭示了海拉爾河內(nèi)抗生素的遷移轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)律,并為治理海拉爾河內(nèi)抗生素污染提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:With the increasing use of antibiotics, more and more attention has been paid to the potential threat to the water environment caused by antibiotic pollution.Therefore, it is of great significance to analyze the residues, risks and migration rules of antibiotics in water environment.In this paper, the Hailaer River in Hulunbeir area of Inner Mongolia is taken as the research object, and the detection method of antibiotics is established by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC / MS) to find out the typical antibiotic contaminants.Combined with the characteristics of high concentration of humic acid in the sediments of the Herald River, the adsorption of humic acid to typical antibiotic pollutants was studied. The conclusions are as follows: quinolones are the main antibiotics pollution in the snowmelt period of the Heilar River.And the content is in the middle level in the low water period in our country, the pollution from upstream to downstream decreases gradually, the pollution of Yimin River is not serious, and the pollution of Hui River is light and concentrated in the upper reaches.The antibiotic pollution in the summer rain period of the Hailar River is mainly tetracycline, and the content of tetracycline is at a low level in the rivers in the high water period detected in our country. The pollution from the upper reaches to the lower reaches has no obvious regularity, and it is mainly concentrated in the areas where the animal husbandry is developed.The pollution of Yimin River is not serious, and the pollution of Huihe River is light and concentrated in the upper reaches.Both quinolones are at high risk, mainly ofloxacin (OFLL) and ciprofloxacin (CIPP), and tetracycline antibiotics should be widely distributed.The adsorption of ofloxacin (OFLL) and oxytetracycline (OTC) on humic acid for 12 h can reach adsorption equilibrium. The adsorption of OFL and OTC on humic acid at high temperature is mainly controlled by physical action. The former is endothermic reaction.The latter is exothermic reaction, the adsorption capacity of humic acid to OFL is the largest under neutral condition, and the adsorption amount of OTC to OTC is the largest in acidic condition.The adsorption capacity of humic acid on humic acid decreased gradually with the increase of ionic strength in the solution. The adsorption of OFL and OTC on humic acid was mainly affected by electrostatic, hydrophobic, hydrogen bond and ion exchange.Ion exchange is the key factor leading adsorption.The results revealed the migration and transformation of antibiotics in the Herald River and provided a scientific basis for the treatment of antibiotic contamination in the river.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X131.2

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