本文選題：凈水設(shè)備 + 細(xì)菌污染�。� 參考：《中國(guó)疾病預(yù)防控制中心》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著城鄉(xiāng)人民生活水平的不斷提高和科技水平的進(jìn)步,飲用水設(shè)施也在逐步更新?lián)Q代,衛(wèi)生狀況較之前有較大的改善,但飲用水污染事故仍有頻繁報(bào)道。調(diào)查顯示2013年凈水器銷量增速達(dá)20%,凈水器的衛(wèi)生學(xué)安全性逐漸成為人們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。據(jù)文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,某地凈水器的調(diào)查中只有28.6%經(jīng)凈水器凈化后出水中菌落總數(shù)低于同一住處自來(lái)水中的菌落水平,有53.6%經(jīng)凈水器凈化后出水中菌落總數(shù)超過(guò)我國(guó)飲用水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(100CFU/mL)。同時(shí)家用凈水設(shè)備原材料的質(zhì)量對(duì)凈水設(shè)備出水質(zhì)量也會(huì)產(chǎn)生很大影響。國(guó)內(nèi)飲用水處理裝置檢測(cè)根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《衛(wèi)生部涉及飲用水衛(wèi)生安全產(chǎn)品檢驗(yàn)》。該標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的內(nèi)容包括安全性實(shí)驗(yàn)和功能性實(shí)驗(yàn)兩個(gè)過(guò)程。微生物學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)有菌落總數(shù)、總大腸菌群、耐熱大腸菌群三個(gè)指標(biāo)。早在20世紀(jì)90年代,國(guó)外就有文獻(xiàn)對(duì)凈水設(shè)備二次污染進(jìn)行報(bào)道,發(fā)現(xiàn)只有36%的凈水設(shè)備出水微生物濃度低于同一住處自來(lái)水的微生物濃度。根據(jù)原理,我國(guó)家用凈水設(shè)備應(yīng)能有效去除自來(lái)水中的細(xì)菌,但是對(duì)家庭安裝和使用一段時(shí)間后,凈水設(shè)備出水微生物污染及變化規(guī)律尚不清楚,因此有必要進(jìn)行深入步研究。研究目的:了解家用凈水設(shè)備的微生物污染狀況,確定經(jīng)凈水設(shè)備處理后的出水中細(xì)菌的種屬,為了解細(xì)菌污染的來(lái)源對(duì)部分凈水材料進(jìn)行微生物生長(zhǎng)實(shí)驗(yàn)以判斷凈水材料對(duì)微生物生長(zhǎng)的影響。為有效控制污染及合理制定標(biāo)準(zhǔn),保障人民群眾健康提供依據(jù)。研究?jī)?nèi)容與方法:1.凈水設(shè)備微生物污染調(diào)查及菌種分析:依據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)送檢的305臺(tái)凈水設(shè)備樣本進(jìn)行微生物學(xué)檢測(cè),了解產(chǎn)品的合格率,并對(duì)菌落總數(shù)超標(biāo)樣品中的菌種進(jìn)鑒定分析。2.家用凈水設(shè)備細(xì)菌污染狀況調(diào)查研究:深入天津地區(qū)52戶家用凈水設(shè)備使用用戶,了解每臺(tái)凈水設(shè)備的使用情況,分析可能造成出水菌落總數(shù)超標(biāo)的原因。采集未經(jīng)凈水設(shè)備過(guò)濾的自來(lái)水及凈水設(shè)備過(guò)濾后水樣104份,進(jìn)行菌落總數(shù)、總大腸菌群及大腸埃希氏菌檢測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn),并鑒定細(xì)菌菌種。3.與水接觸非金屬材料對(duì)微生物生長(zhǎng)作用的研究:采集凈水設(shè)備常用材料包括與水接觸活性炭材料15份、儲(chǔ)水材料10份、輸水材料10份、濾水材料5份。參照英國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《與水接觸的非金屬材料對(duì)水質(zhì)的影響》BS 6920:2.4-2000進(jìn)行非金屬材料微生物生長(zhǎng)試驗(yàn)。研究結(jié)果:1.對(duì)送檢的家用凈水設(shè)備305臺(tái)檢測(cè)結(jié)果表明:總體性能試驗(yàn)不合格率為8.9%,浸泡實(shí)驗(yàn)不合格率為2.3%。凈水設(shè)備出水共鑒定出細(xì)菌20種,出水中鑒定出致病菌如銅綠假單胞菌及人蒼白桿菌、克氏庫(kù)克菌、溶血性葡萄球菌等條件致病菌。2.通過(guò)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)調(diào)查天津市家用凈水設(shè)備使用用戶52戶。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)自來(lái)水中均未檢出菌落總數(shù)、總大腸菌群及大腸埃希氏菌。而32(61.5%)臺(tái)凈水設(shè)備出水中檢測(cè)出菌落總數(shù),有15(28.8%)臺(tái)凈水設(shè)備出水中菌落總數(shù)超過(guò)GB5749-2006《生活飲用水衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》規(guī)定的限值100CFU/mL;其中1臺(tái)凈水設(shè)備出水檢出總大腸菌群,占全部用戶的1.9%;凈水設(shè)備出水中大腸埃希氏菌均未檢出。其中活性炭?jī)羲O(shè)備出水的超標(biāo)率為21.7%,超濾結(jié)構(gòu)凈水設(shè)備出水的超標(biāo)率為50%,反滲透凈水設(shè)備出水的超標(biāo)率為18.8%。設(shè)備出水中檢測(cè)出蠟樣芽胞桿菌、金黃色葡萄球菌兩種致病菌。同時(shí)過(guò)濾水中也檢測(cè)出玫瑰色庫(kù)克菌、產(chǎn)酸克雷伯菌、產(chǎn)吲哚金黃桿菌等條件致病菌。對(duì)用戶凈水設(shè)備使用調(diào)查,結(jié)果表明:活性炭濾芯使用時(shí)間過(guò)長(zhǎng)可能與家用凈水設(shè)備出水菌落總數(shù)超標(biāo)有關(guān)。3.通過(guò)收集凈水設(shè)備材料根據(jù)英國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)《與水接觸的非金屬材料對(duì)水質(zhì)的影響》BS 6920-2.4:2000進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)研究,結(jié)果表明:10份顆粒活性炭材料對(duì)細(xì)菌生長(zhǎng)有促進(jìn)作用,其他材料對(duì)細(xì)菌生長(zhǎng)沒(méi)有促進(jìn)作用。研究結(jié)論:家用凈水設(shè)備污染情況嚴(yán)重且細(xì)菌污染種類繁多,其中檢測(cè)出銅綠假單胞菌、金黃色葡萄球菌、蠟樣芽胞桿菌三種致病菌及多種條件致病菌。家用凈水設(shè)備細(xì)菌污染存在著引發(fā)疾病的潛在危險(xiǎn)因素,應(yīng)加強(qiáng)檢測(cè)。與水接觸的非金屬材料中顆�；钚蕴坎牧蠈�(duì)細(xì)菌生長(zhǎng)有促進(jìn)作用,使用顆�；钚蕴繒r(shí)應(yīng)加強(qiáng)對(duì)飲水的消毒,控制微生物污染。
[Abstract]:With the continuous improvement of living standards of urban and rural people and the level of science and technology progress, drinking water facilities are gradually upgrading, health status has been greatly improved than before, but the drinking water pollution accidents are still frequent reports. Survey shows that in 2013 the water purifier sales growth of 20%, hygiene and safety of water purifier has gradually become the focus of people concern. It is reported that a survey of the water purifier in only 28.6% after the treatment by water purifier in the total number of colonies is lower than the level in the same place a colony in tap water, 53.6% of the purifier in the total number of colonies exceeded the national standard of drinking water (100CFU/mL). At the same time, the quality of household water purification equipment the raw materials of water purification equipment, water quality will have a great impact. The domestic drinking water treatment device testing according to the standard of Ministry of health "health and safety of drinking water. The product inspection standard content package The two processes including safety tests and functional experiments. Microbiology evaluation index is the total number of colonies, total coliform, thermotolerant coliform bacteria three indicators. In early 1990s, there were foreign literature reports on two pollution of water purification equipment, water purification equipment, found that only 36% of the effluent concentration was lower than the concentration of microorganisms with microorganisms a residence tap water. According to the principle of China's household water purification equipment should be able to effectively remove bacteria in tap water, but for the family to install and use after a period of time, water purification equipment, water pollution and microbial variation is not clear, so it is necessary to further step research. Objective: to understand the status of microbial contamination of household net water equipment, water purification equipment to determine the bacterial treated effluent in genera, for understanding the sources of bacterial contamination on the part of the microbial water purifying material to judge water net growth experiment Influence of materials on the growth of microorganisms. In order to effectively control pollution and reasonable standards, provide the basis for the protection of people's health. The research contents and methods: 1. water purification equipment, microbial investigation and spawn contamination analysis: microbiology testing according to the standard for the submission of 305 samples of water purification equipment, understand the product qualified rate, and the the total number of colonies of bacteria in samples exceed the standard survey and analysis of household water purification equipment in the identification of bacterial contamination in.2.: deep Tianjin area 52 households household water purification equipment users, to understand the use of each water purification equipment, analysis of possible causes of the bacteria. The total number of exceed the standard collection without filtered tap water and water purification equipment water purification equipment, 104 water samples were filtered, the total number of colonies, test total coliforms and Escherichia coli, and identification of bacterial strain.3. on non metallic materials in contact with water. Study on the growth effect of the acquisition: water purification equipment commonly used materials including contact with water activated carbon material 15, water storage material 10, water material 10, filter material 5. Non metallic materials in contact with reference to the British standard "the influence of water on water quality >BS 6920:2.4-2000 non metallic materials for microbial growth test. Results: 1. specimens of household water purification equipment 305 sets of test results show that: the overall performance test pass rate is 8.9%, the immersion test failure rate of 2.3%. water purification equipment water were identified 20 species of bacteria in the identification of pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and ochrobactrumanthropi, Klebsiella bacteria Cook hemolytic Staphylococcus, opportunistic pathogens such as.2. through the field survey of Tianjin city household water purification equipment using 52 users. The tap water were not detected in the total number of colonies, total coliforms and Escherichia coli. And 32 (61.5%) net station Water equipment water to detect the total number of colonies, 15 (28.8%) Taiwan water purification equipment in the total number of colonies exceeded the prescribed GB5749-2006< sanitary standard for drinking water in accordance with the limit value of 100CFU/mL; of which 1 units of water purification equipment, water detection of total coliforms, accounting for 1.9% of all users; water purification equipment in Escherichia coli were not detected. Which exceed the standard rate of activated carbon water purification equipment, water is 21.7%, exceed the standard rate structure of ultrafiltration water purification equipment effluent was 50%, exceed the standard rate of reverse osmosis water purification equipment water for 18.8%. equipment in the detection of Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus two kinds of pathogenic bacteria. At the same time filtering water detect the rosy Cook bacterium, Klebsiella oxytoca, Chryseobacterium indologenes and other opportunistic pathogens. The users of water purification equipment using the survey results show that the activated carbon filter may be used for a long time and the total number of colonies of household water purification equipment water Exceed the standard about.3. through the collection of water purification equipment materials based on non metallic materials in contact with the water, the British Standard < effect on water quality of >BS 6920-2.4:2000 were studied. The results showed that: 10 granular activated carbon material has a promoting effect on the growth of bacteria and other materials on the growth of bacteria did not promote. Conclusions: household water purification equipment pollution serious cases of bacterial contamination and variety, the detection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus three kinds of pathogenic bacteria and pathogens. Various conditions of household water purification equipment there is a potential risk factor for bacterial contamination caused by disease, should strengthen the detection. The granular activated carbon material non metallic materials in contact with water in promoting effect on the growth of bacteria, using granular activated carbon should strengthen the disinfection of drinking water, control of microbial contamination.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)疾病預(yù)防控制中心
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：R123

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本文編號(hào)：1746075