本文選題：遼河口蘆葦濕地　切入點(diǎn)：遙感　出處：《中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：遼河口蘆葦濕地是亞洲第一大河口蘆葦濕地,2012年開始進(jìn)行濕地生態(tài)環(huán)境修復(fù)工程后,濕地地物類型空間變化明顯。本文基于無人機(jī)影像數(shù)據(jù)和不同時(shí)相的資源三號(hào)、高分一號(hào)衛(wèi)星影像,結(jié)合野外實(shí)地調(diào)查資料,采用面向?qū)ο蠓诸惙ê湍恳暯庾g相結(jié)合,充分利用地物特征提取典型濕地治理區(qū)的地物信息。以2012年為治理前的本底值,結(jié)合GIS空間分析,對(duì)比2014年、2015年和2016年濕地地物類型分布情況,得出研究區(qū)每一階段的濕地地物時(shí)空變化,定量評(píng)價(jià)遼河口蘆葦濕地生態(tài)環(huán)境修復(fù)的效果。結(jié)果表明:(1)根據(jù)濕地主要植被蘆葦?shù)奈锖蛐?通過植被季相特征的野外觀測(cè)、不同季相的無人機(jī)影像數(shù)據(jù)目視解譯提取的難易程度,以及衛(wèi)星影像光譜信息和分類精度驗(yàn)證等幾方面證明,得出秋季是蘆葦濕地修復(fù)監(jiān)測(cè)的最佳季相。(2)研究區(qū)總體修復(fù)結(jié)果顯示,2012-2016年期間,遼河口蘆葦濕地生態(tài)環(huán)境修復(fù)效果顯著,主要體現(xiàn)在以下幾個(gè)方面:濕地最重要的建群物種蘆葦?shù)淖苑�(wěn)定性始終在85%以上,較2012年本底值總體面積增加了281.01hm2;濕地主要雜草蒲草生長(zhǎng)范圍不斷縮小,總體面積減少了1108.01hm2;兩者共生區(qū)域的面積先增加后減少,總體面積減少150.43hm2;由于引灌海水治理雜草,水體及水體中生長(zhǎng)稀疏植被不易區(qū)分的部分逐年增加,總體分別增長(zhǎng)了265.25 hm2、388.31hm2。(3)研究區(qū)動(dòng)態(tài)變化轉(zhuǎn)移結(jié)果顯示:2012-2014年期間是治理初期,蘆葦面積略有增加,蒲草主要轉(zhuǎn)化為蘆蒲共生和蘆葦生長(zhǎng)區(qū),面積減少了384.76 hm2;2014-2015年,蘆葦面積大幅度增長(zhǎng),其中蒲草和蘆蒲共生轉(zhuǎn)化為蘆葦?shù)拿娣e有324.44hm2,且蒲草長(zhǎng)勢(shì)逐漸變差,枯死蒲草面積已達(dá)175.72 hm2;2015-2016年,濕地斑塊化情況明顯得到改善,蒲草面積僅剩2015年的11.1%,蘆蒲共生也大面積轉(zhuǎn)化為蘆葦,是治理后期典型效果的體現(xiàn)。
[Abstract]:Liaohe estuary Reed wetland is the largest estuarine Reed wetland in Asia. After the wetland ecological environment restoration project began in 2012, the spatial change of wetland landscape type is obvious.Based on the UAV image data and the resources 3 and Gaofen 1 satellite images, combined with field survey data, this paper combines object oriented classification with visual interpretation.Take full advantage of the features of the features to extract the information of the typical wetland management area.Taking 2012 as the background value before governance, combined with GIS spatial analysis, the distribution of wetland features in 2014, 2015 and 2016 were compared, and the temporal and spatial changes of wetland features in each stage of the study area were obtained.The effect of ecological environment restoration of Reed wetland in Liaohe estuary was evaluated quantitatively.The results show that according to the phenology of the main vegetation Reed in the wetland and the field observation of the seasonal characteristics of vegetation, the difficulty of visual interpretation and extraction of UAV image data of different seasons can be obtained.The spectral information of satellite image and the accuracy verification of classification prove that autumn is the best seasonal phase for Reed wetland restoration and monitoring. The overall restoration results show that the ecological environment restoration effect of Reed wetland in Liaohe estuary during 2012-2016 is remarkable.The main results are as follows: the self-stability of Reed, the most important species in wetland, is always more than 85%, which is 281.01hm2higher than the total area of background value in 2012.The total area decreased by 1108.01hm2.The area of the two symbiotic areas increased first and then decreased, and the total area decreased by 150.43hm2.The results of dynamic change transfer in the study area showed that the area of Reed increased slightly during the period of 2012-2014, and the area of bulrush was mainly transformed into the symbiosis and growth area of Reed, and the area decreased by 384.76 hm ~ (2) ~ (2) ~ (-1) in 2014-2015.The area of Reed increased by a large margin, in which the area of bulgage and Reed transformed into Reed was 324.44hm2, and the growth of Puccinia davidifolia became worse, and the area of dead cattle-grass reached 175.72 hm2hm2015-2016. The situation of wetland patch was obviously improved.The grass area was only 11.1 in 2015, and the symbiosis of Rhizoma Reed was transformed into Reed in a large area, which was the embodiment of the typical effect in the later stage of governance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X87;X171.4
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本文編號(hào)：1705746