本文選題：香蒲　切入點(diǎn)：銅綠微囊藻　出處：《浙江農(nóng)林大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化是我國(guó)嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境問(wèn)題,富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化可導(dǎo)致藍(lán)藻水華頻繁爆發(fā),造成大范圍的水質(zhì)惡化,破壞水體景觀(guān)和水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能,使水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖業(yè)蒙受經(jīng)濟(jì)損失,加劇水資源的危機(jī),威脅人類(lèi)身體健康,因此,有效控制富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化水體中的藻類(lèi),防止水華發(fā)生已成為目前世界環(huán)境領(lǐng)域亟需解決的問(wèn)題。傳統(tǒng)的除藻方法,包括物理、化學(xué)和生物方法,都存在明顯的缺點(diǎn),而水生植物化感抑藻是一種低成本、長(zhǎng)效性、環(huán)境友好型的方法,為尋找既能耐營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽脅迫、又能有效抑藻的水生植物,本文探討了香蒲(Typha orientalis)對(duì)不同程度富營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽的耐受能力和生理機(jī)制,研究了香蒲對(duì)銅綠微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)和水華魚(yú)腥藻(Anabaena flos-aquae)的抑制作用和機(jī)理,并對(duì)香蒲中的化感抑藻物質(zhì)進(jìn)行了分離鑒定。主要內(nèi)容如下:(1)通過(guò)不同程度的富營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽處理香蒲,研究香蒲對(duì)富營(yíng)養(yǎng)的耐性機(jī)制,及其對(duì)水體中的氮磷去除作用,結(jié)果表明香蒲對(duì)富營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽具有很好的耐受性,同時(shí)其又可以有效去除富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化水體中的氮磷,氮的去除率在中富營(yíng)養(yǎng)中達(dá)到最大,為77.33%,而磷的去除率在輕富營(yíng)養(yǎng)中達(dá)到最大,為84.00%。在重富營(yíng)養(yǎng)水體以下,香蒲的葉綠素含量升高,同時(shí)通過(guò)提高超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和過(guò)氧化物酶(POD)活性來(lái)清除過(guò)多的活性氧,從而抵御營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽的脅迫,使自身生長(zhǎng)良好,在超富營(yíng)養(yǎng)條件下,香蒲的葉綠素含量、SOD和POD活性與對(duì)照相比下降,丙二醛(MDA)含量大幅度升高,說(shuō)明活性氧的產(chǎn)生超過(guò)了抗氧化酶系統(tǒng)的清除能力,香蒲的生長(zhǎng)受到了嚴(yán)重的脅迫,因此香蒲對(duì)重富營(yíng)養(yǎng)以下的水體修復(fù)和水華防治有著極其重要的意義。(2)通過(guò)香蒲不同部位水浸提液處理4種水生植物種子,結(jié)果表明:香蒲各部位浸提液對(duì)四種植物的發(fā)芽率、幼芽和幼根的生長(zhǎng)均有顯著的化感抑制作用,總體趨勢(shì)表現(xiàn)出低促高抑的雙重濃度效應(yīng);不同部位浸提液對(duì)4種水生植物的抑制作用強(qiáng)弱順序?yàn)槿~浸提液蒲黃浸提液根浸提液,且對(duì)幼根生長(zhǎng)的影響大于幼芽;3種浸提液處理下,黃菖蒲幼苗體內(nèi)MDA含量與SOD活性表現(xiàn)出升高后下降的趨勢(shì)。香蒲水浸提液通過(guò)對(duì)水生植物的化感效應(yīng),引起細(xì)胞的膜脂過(guò)氧化加劇,抗氧化系統(tǒng)受損,從而抑制水生植物種子的萌發(fā)和幼苗的生長(zhǎng),葉片是香蒲主要的化感作用部位。(3)通過(guò)不同初始藻密度實(shí)驗(yàn),發(fā)現(xiàn)在香蒲葉浸提液作用下,當(dāng)初始密度為104 ind·L-1時(shí),藻類(lèi)的生長(zhǎng)沒(méi)有受到明顯的影響,對(duì)初始藻密度為106 ind·L-1、107 ind·L-1的銅綠微囊藻具有顯著的抑制作用,第10 d的抑制率分別為71.85%和59.49%,并且當(dāng)初始藻密度為106 ind·L-1時(shí),香蒲的抑藻效果最好。不同組織部位抑藻實(shí)驗(yàn),發(fā)現(xiàn)香蒲不同部位對(duì)銅綠微囊藻的抑制作用強(qiáng)弱不同,表現(xiàn)葉浸提液根浸提液蒲黃浸提液,在第10 d時(shí),葉浸提液、根浸提液和蒲黃浸提液對(duì)銅綠微囊藻的抑制率為別為72.35%、54.57%、30.7%,葉片是香蒲最強(qiáng)的抑藻部位。同時(shí)香蒲葉浸提液對(duì)銅綠微囊藻和水華魚(yú)腥藻的化感作用表現(xiàn)為“低促高抑”的現(xiàn)象,隨浸提液濃度的增加,抑制作用增強(qiáng),且對(duì)銅綠微囊藻的抑制作用明顯大于水華魚(yú)腥藻,說(shuō)明香蒲對(duì)兩種藻類(lèi)的化感作用具有一定的選擇性,在質(zhì)量濃度為50.00 g·L-1時(shí),第12 d對(duì)銅綠微囊藻和水華魚(yú)腥藻的抑制率分別為91.37%和65.64%。(4)通過(guò)對(duì)銅綠微囊藻和水華魚(yú)腥藻葉綠素a含量、細(xì)胞膜透性、可溶性蛋白含量、抗氧化酶活性、MDA含量的變化,研究了香蒲對(duì)銅綠微囊藻及水華魚(yú)腥藻的化感抑制機(jī)理,結(jié)果表明,實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程中兩種藻類(lèi)細(xì)胞內(nèi)葉綠素a含量逐漸減少,細(xì)胞膜透性逐漸增大,可溶性蛋白含量、SOD、過(guò)氧化氫酶(CAT)和POD活性、MDA含量均呈現(xiàn)先增加,后下降的趨勢(shì),表明香蒲葉浸提液對(duì)兩種藻類(lèi)細(xì)胞具有脅迫效應(yīng),造成活性氧的大量積累后,引起細(xì)胞的膜脂過(guò)氧化加劇,細(xì)胞結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)重受損,細(xì)胞膜的透性增大,抗氧化酶系統(tǒng)受到損傷,同時(shí)促進(jìn)葉綠素a的分解,干擾細(xì)胞代謝,影響光合作用,從而強(qiáng)烈抑制銅綠微囊藻和水華魚(yú)腥藻的生長(zhǎng)。(5)香蒲中的化感抑藻物質(zhì)經(jīng)分離鑒定后發(fā)現(xiàn),香蒲中的化感物質(zhì)多為酚酸、脂肪酸、酯、酮和酰胺類(lèi)等物質(zhì)。通過(guò)化感物質(zhì)的聯(lián)合抑藻實(shí)驗(yàn),結(jié)果表明鄰苯二酚和苯甲酸聯(lián)合方式具有明顯的協(xié)同作用,而棕櫚酸和苯甲酸聯(lián)合方式協(xié)同作用不明顯。
[Abstract]:Eutrophication is a serious environmental problem in China, eutrophication can lead to frequent outbreaks of algal blooms caused by water, large range of deterioration, destruction of water landscape and water ecosystem function, the aquaculture industry suffered economic losses, intensified water resources crisis, threats to human health. Therefore, the effective control of eutrophic water the algae bloom has become an urgent need to prevent the world environment problem. The traditional methods of removing algae, including physical, chemical and biological methods have obvious shortcomings, and the aquatic plant allelopathy of algae is a kind of low cost, long-term, environmentally friendly method, stress for both ability of nutrients, and can effectively inhibit algae in aquatic plants, this paper discusses the cattail (Typha orientalis) in different eutrophic salt tolerance and physiological mechanism of cattail of Microcystis aeruginosa (Microcys Tis aeruginosa) and Anabaena flosaquae (Anabaena flos-aquae) the inhibitory effect and mechanism of Typha in allelopathic inhibitory substances were isolated and identified. The main contents are as follows: (1) through different degree eutrophic salt treatment of cattail, Typha angustifolia on tolerance mechanism of eutrophication, and its effect on the removal of nitrogen the results show that the phosphorus in water, Typha has good tolerance for nutrient rich, at the same time, it can effectively remove nitrogen and phosphorus in eutrophic water, the nitrogen removal rate in eutrophication reaches a maximum of 77.33%, and the removal rate of phosphorus in light eutrophic reaches a maximum at 84.00%. heavy eutrophic water, chlorophyll content increased at the same time by increasing the cattail, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activity to remove excessive reactive oxygen species, thereby resisting nutrient stress, make themselves grow well in the super rich nutrition Under the condition, the chlorophyll content of Typha, SOD and POD activity compared with the control group decreased, malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased, indicating the generation of reactive oxygen species than the antioxidant system of scavenging ability of Typha growth suffered severe stress, so the rich cattail is extremely important nutrient water remediation and the following prevention. (2) the water extracts from different plant seeds, 4 kinds of aquatic plants and the results showed that the germination rate of liquid extraction parts of cattail of four plants, growth of shoots and roots had significant allelopathic effect, the overall trend showed low promoting effect of high concentration of double under the different parts; extracting the intensity sequence of inhibition fluid of 4 species of aquatic plants extracts of pollen Typhae extract root extract as leaf dip, and greater impact on plumule radicle growth; 3 kinds of extracts, irispseudacorus seedlings MDA The content and activity of SOD showed a downward trend after rising. Cattail extracts by aquatic plant allelopathic effect caused by membrane lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system damage, thereby inhibiting the aquatic plant seeds germination and seedling growth, leaf is mainly Typha allelopathy (3 sites.) by different initial algal density experiment, found in the cattail leaf extract effect, when the initial density of 104 ind - L-1, the growth of algae was not significantly affected, has obvious inhibitory effect on initial algal density for Microcystis aeruginosa 106 ind - ind - L-1107 L-1 D, the inhibition rate of tenth were 71.85% and 59.49%, and when the initial algal density was 106 ind - L-1, the best effect of antialgal cattail. Different parts of algicidal experiments, it was found that the inhibitory effect of different parts of cattail of Microcystis aeruginosa in different leaf extracts of root, performance Extracts of pollen Typhae extract, at tenth D, the leaf extract, root extract and pollen inhibition effect of water-soluble extracts on Microcystis aeruginosa was not 72.35%, 54.57%, 30.7%, is part of the blade. At the same time the strongest antialgal cattail Typha leaf extracts on Microcystis aeruginosa and bloom Anabaena allelopathy is low concentration and high suppression "phenomenon, with the increasing concentration of the extract, the inhibition, and the inhibition of Microcystis aeruginosa was significantly higher than that of Anabaena Flos aquae, Typha angustifolia on two species of algae allelopathy has certain selectivity in concentration 50 g L-1 twelfth D, inhibition of Microcystis aeruginosa and Anabaena rate were 91.37% and 65.64%. (4) of Microcystis aeruginosa and Anabaena flosaquae chlorophyll a content, cell membrane permeability, soluble protein content, antioxidant enzyme activity, the changes of MDA content, research the cattail the micro P. Microcystis and Anabaena allelopathic inhibition mechanism, experimental results show that in the process of two kinds of algae cell chlorophyll a content decreased, cell membrane permeability increased gradually, the content of soluble protein, SOD, catalase (CAT) and POD activity, MDA content increased first and then decreased with the increase of show, cattail leaf extract has stress effects on two kinds of algal cells, causing accumulation of ROS, caused membrane lipid peroxidation of cell increased, cell structure was severely damaged, the cell membrane permeability increased, antioxidant system damage, and promote the decomposition of chlorophyll a, disturbance of cell metabolism, photosynthesis thus, strong inhibition of Microcystis and Anabaena growth. (5) in Typha allelopathic inhibitory substances through isolation and identification showed that the Allelochemicals of Typha for phenolic acids, fatty acids, esters, ketones and amides by other substances. The algal inhibition experiment of sensory substances showed that the combination of catechol and benzoic acid had obvious synergistic effect, while the combination of palmitic acid and benzoic acid had no synergistic effect.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X52;Q945

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