本文選題：硝化細菌　切入點：氨氮　出處：《揚州大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：氨氮是水體中的主要污染物,在污水脫氮過程中,氨氮在硝化細菌作用下被轉(zhuǎn)化為硝態(tài)氮,后者進一步被反硝化細菌轉(zhuǎn)化為氣態(tài)氮。硝化過程是生物脫氮的限制性步驟,其核心是硝化細菌。由于硝化細菌具有嚴格自養(yǎng)、生長緩慢、對環(huán)境因子變化敏感等特性,使其在與異養(yǎng)菌的競爭中處于劣勢,極易被系統(tǒng)淘汰,造成水體中硝化菌群十分貧乏。因此通過投加硝化細菌增加系統(tǒng)中硝化細菌的數(shù)量,加強硝化過程對提高污水脫氮效率具有十分重要的意義。本實驗在模擬污水條件下定向馴化高活性硝化污泥的基礎上,將高活性硝化污泥作為種子污泥,研究了硝化細菌固態(tài)發(fā)酵條件,及投加硝化菌劑對硝化系統(tǒng)啟動及硝化活性的影響。結(jié)果表明:1.本研究硝化污泥采用模擬污水方式進行馴化,馴化初期進水氨氮濃度控制在100mg/L左右,經(jīng)過15d馴化,氨氮去除率達到93.44%,之后進水氨氮濃度由100mg/L提高到150mg/L左右,經(jīng)過9d馴化(第24d),出水氨氮去除率達到97.24%,馴化后期進水氨氮濃度提高到200mg/L左右,再經(jīng)過10d(第34d)時,出水氨氮去除率達到90.15%,出水氨氮維持在20mg/L以下,系統(tǒng)中氨氮去除率維持在90%以上,整個硝化脫氮系統(tǒng)通過好氧方式進行馴化,共經(jīng)歷37d馴化完成。2.本實驗中硝化細菌固態(tài)發(fā)酵基質(zhì)采用椰殼和珍珠巖,并研究了椰殼與珍珠巖不同體積比條件下,固態(tài)發(fā)酵過程中氨氮去除率,發(fā)現(xiàn)椰殼與珍珠巖體積比為1:2時,氨氮去除率最高,為89.74%。固態(tài)發(fā)酵最佳含水量為55%左右,固態(tài)發(fā)酵硝化活性與初始氨氮濃度、DO、種子污泥接種量呈正相關。3.硝化系統(tǒng)啟動初期,接種硝化菌劑可縮短硝化系統(tǒng)啟動時間。本研究中,以氨氮去除率80%為準,和未接種硝化菌劑處理相比,接種硝化菌劑后,硝化系統(tǒng)啟動所消耗的時間由未接種處理的18d縮短到14d。即和未接種處理相比,接種硝化菌劑后,硝化系統(tǒng)的啟動時間縮短22.2%。4.在正常運行的硝化系統(tǒng)中投加硝化菌劑,可促進系統(tǒng)硝化活性。和未接種硝化菌劑的處理相比,接種硝化菌劑后,系統(tǒng)運行前4h,氨氮的去除率提高18%。
[Abstract]:Ammonia nitrogen is the main pollutant in water. In the process of denitrification, ammonia nitrogen is transformed into nitrate nitrogen under the action of nitrifying bacteria, the latter is further transformed into gaseous nitrogen by denitrifying bacteria. Nitrification is a restrictive step of biological denitrification. Nitrifying bacteria is the core of nitrifying bacteria. Because of its strict autotrophic, slow growth and sensitive to environmental factors, nitrifying bacteria are at a disadvantage in the competition with heterotrophic bacteria and are easily eliminated by the system. The nitrifying bacteria population in the water is very poor. So by adding nitrifying bacteria to increase the number of nitrifying bacteria in the system, The enhancement of nitrification process is very important to improve the nitrogen removal efficiency of wastewater. On the basis of directional acclimation of highly activated nitrifying sludge under simulated sewage condition, the highly activated nitrification sludge is used as seed sludge in this experiment. The effects of nitrifying bacteria on the start-up and nitrification activity of nitrifying system were studied. The results showed that the nitrifying sludge was domesticated by simulated wastewater. At the beginning of domestication, the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in influent was controlled at about 100mg/L. After 15 days of acclimation, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen reached 93.44%, and then the concentration of ammonia nitrogen in influent increased from 100mg/L to 150mg/L. After 9 d acclimation (24 d), the ammonia nitrogen removal rate of effluent reached 97.24%. In the later stage of acclimation, the influent ammonia nitrogen concentration increased to about 200mg/L. After 10 days (34 d), the ammonia nitrogen removal rate of the effluent reached 90.15%, and the effluent ammonia nitrogen was maintained below 20mg/L. The removal rate of ammonia nitrogen in the system was above 90%. The nitrifying nitrogen removal system was acclimated by aerobic method and was domesticated for 37 days. In this experiment, coconut shell and perlite were used as the solid fermentation substrate of nitrifying bacteria. The ammonia nitrogen removal rate of coconut shell and perlite was studied under the condition of different volume ratio of coconut shell and perlite. When the volume ratio of coconut shell to perlite was 1:2, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen was the highest (89.74%). The optimum water content of solid fermentation was about 55%. The nitrification activity of solid fermentation was positively correlated with the initial ammonia nitrogen concentration and the inoculation amount of seed sludge. 3. In the initial stage of nitrification system, nitrifying agent inoculated with nitrifying bacteria could shorten the start-up time of nitrification system. In this study, the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen was 80%. Compared with the treatment without nitrifying agent, the time consumed by nitrification system was shortened from 18 days without inoculation to 14 days after inoculation of nitrifying agent, that is, after inoculating nitrifying agent, the time of nitrifying system was reduced from 18 days to 14 days after inoculating nitrifying agent. The start-up time of nitrifying system was shortened by 22.2.4.The nitrifying activity of the system could be promoted by adding nitrifying bacteria in the normal running nitrification system. Compared with the treatment without nitrifying agent, the removal rate of ammonia-nitrogen increased by 18% after the nitrifying agent was inoculated 4 hours before the operation of the system.
【學位授予單位】：揚州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X703;X172

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