發(fā)布時間：2018-03-29 14:20

  本文選題：生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量　切入點：指標體系　出處：《華中師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：近年來,生態(tài)環(huán)境事件頻繁發(fā)生,生態(tài)環(huán)境的惡劣在很大程度上已經(jīng)嚴重影響威脅到了居民的健康生活,了解中國各省市區(qū)的生態(tài)環(huán)境狀況,剖析其變化趨勢以及空間區(qū)域差異,對實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展具有現(xiàn)實性的指導(dǎo)意義,也可為國家制定合理的生態(tài)治理政策提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。本文結(jié)合綜合指數(shù)法與層次分析法,基于生態(tài)環(huán)境系統(tǒng)的構(gòu)成理論,建立了圍繞自然環(huán)境、經(jīng)濟環(huán)境、社會環(huán)境三大生態(tài)環(huán)境子系統(tǒng)來分層評判的生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量綜合評價指標體系,在構(gòu)建過程中,為了更好的闡述生態(tài)與人之間的關(guān)系,摒除了以往以生態(tài)環(huán)境為核心的構(gòu)建模式,站在人與生態(tài)關(guān)系的角度,選取與人生存、生活息息相關(guān)的評價指標,建立了一個跨時空的以人與生態(tài)關(guān)系為核心的生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量評價指標體系;同時為了清晰地展現(xiàn)出當前中國生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量的變化情況,本文選取中國31個省市區(qū)作為地域研究對象,以2000,2005,2010和2015年4個時間點作為評判區(qū)段,搜集整理相關(guān)指標數(shù)據(jù),從時間和空間兩個維度來分析研究當前中國生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量的變化分布情況,得到了以下三個結(jié)論:(1)就變化趨勢而言,我國生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量在2000-2005年出現(xiàn)大范圍下降趨勢,2005-2010年間整體回升,2010-2015年各省份間生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量變化趨勢差異明顯,部分地區(qū)保持穩(wěn)定上升趨勢,而另外一部分地區(qū)出現(xiàn)下降趨勢。就整體生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量變化狀態(tài)而言,變化波動越來越小。(2)就質(zhì)量等級而言,2000-2015年間,中國生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量等級總體上保持穩(wěn)定,質(zhì)量等級狀況一般,可提升空間巨大。(3)就空間差異而言,以新疆、青海、內(nèi)蒙古、云南為代表的偏遠地區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量相對良好,而以天津為代表的華北地區(qū)和上海為代表的長江三角洲地區(qū)則為主要的生態(tài)惡化聚集地,且惡化趨勢向內(nèi)陸呈現(xiàn)扇形遞減。中國長久以來的粗放式經(jīng)濟發(fā)展模式,以犧牲環(huán)境為代價,在經(jīng)濟得到快速進步的同時,生態(tài)環(huán)境受到了嚴重影響,產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)和能源結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)整需要很長一段時間,故經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展對生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量的影響也會持續(xù)發(fā)酵;其次人口的增長匯集,資源短缺問題日益惡化。不過隨著國家政策的宏觀調(diào)控,經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)的不斷優(yōu)化,經(jīng)濟對生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響將逐漸減弱,加上居民素質(zhì)的普遍提高,全民環(huán)保的風(fēng)潮緩慢蔓延,中國生態(tài)環(huán)境將會將會迎來新的機會。
[Abstract]:In recent years, there have been frequent occurrences of ecological environmental events. To a large extent, the deterioration of the ecological environment has seriously affected the healthy life of the residents, and learned about the ecological environment of the provinces, cities, and districts in China. It is of practical significance to analyze the trend of change and regional differences in space to realize sustainable development and to provide a scientific basis for the country to formulate reasonable ecological governance policies. This paper combines the comprehensive index method and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Based on the constitution theory of ecological environment system, a comprehensive evaluation index system of ecological environment quality is established, which is based on the three ecological environment subsystems of natural environment, economic environment and social environment. In order to better expound the relationship between ecology and human being, we put aside the construction mode of ecological environment as the core in the past, and choose the evaluation index which is closely related to the existence and life of human being from the point of view of the relationship between man and ecology. This paper establishes an index system of ecological environment quality evaluation, which is based on the relationship between man and ecology, and at the same time, in order to clearly show the current changes of ecological environment quality in China, In this paper, 31 provinces and municipalities in China are selected as the regional research objects, and four time points in 2005 and 2015 are taken as the evaluation sections to collect and collate the relevant index data. From two dimensions of time and space, the change and distribution of ecological environment quality in China are analyzed, and the following three conclusions are drawn: (1) as far as the trend of change is concerned, From 2000 to 2005, the ecological environment quality of our country showed a large scale decline trend. During 2005-2010, the change trend of ecological environment quality among provinces was obviously different, and some regions maintained a steady upward trend. However, in another part of the region, there is a downward trend. In terms of the changing state of the overall ecological environment quality, the fluctuation is becoming smaller and smaller. ((2) in terms of the quality grade, China's ecological environment quality grade has generally remained stable from 2000 to 2015. In terms of spatial differences, the ecological environment in remote areas represented by Xinjiang, Qinghai, Inner Mongolia and Yunnan is relatively good. On the other hand, the North China region represented by Tianjin and the Yangtze River Delta region represented by Shanghai are the main ecological aggravation areas, and the deterioration trend is fanning inland. China's extensive economic development model for a long time, At the expense of the environment, while the economy is making rapid progress, the ecological environment has been seriously affected. It will take a long time for the industrial structure and the energy structure to adjust. Therefore, the impact of economic development on the quality of the ecological environment will continue to ferment; secondly, the population will increase and pool, and the problem of shortage of resources will worsen day by day. However, with the macro-control of national policies, the economic structure has been continuously optimized. The influence of economy on ecological environment will be weakened gradually. With the general improvement of residents' quality and the slow spread of the wave of environmental protection among the whole people, China's ecological environment will welcome a new opportunity.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X321

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