本文選題：IC反應器　切入點：旋流布水　出處：《蘇州大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：內循環(huán)厭氧反應器(簡稱IC反應器)是在升流式厭氧污泥床UASB的基礎上發(fā)展而來的一種高效厭氧生物反應器,是最具代表性的第三代厭氧反應器。在IC反應器的諸多部件中,對運行負荷與去除率有著顯著影響的關鍵結構有布水系統(tǒng)、重渣排放和反應器循環(huán)系統(tǒng),目前主要存在布水不均勻、容易出現(xiàn)死區(qū)、反應器鈣化嚴重且重渣無法實現(xiàn)有效排放、循環(huán)量不足、反應器緩沖能力差、生物顆粒污泥流失嚴重等問題。因此,對IC反應器的關鍵結構進行優(yōu)化,使反應器實現(xiàn)長期穩(wěn)定高效的運行具有重要的理論與現(xiàn)實意義。(1)在對比分析各種布水系統(tǒng)的設計思想、結構形式和混合機理等研究現(xiàn)狀的基礎上,結合運用旋流布水和大阻力配水技術,設計出一套反應器梯度多層旋流布水系統(tǒng)。提高系統(tǒng)的布水均勻性,布水區(qū)域無死區(qū),使污泥床處于流化狀態(tài)以增強廢水和顆粒污泥的混合度,有效強化傳質和反應過程。(2)對反應器重渣形成機理進行研究,借鑒水力旋流除渣原理對反應器重渣分離與排放裝置進行結構設計。在反應器污泥床底部設計一套倒錐型重渣水力旋流篩選裝置,并在其底部設計一個圓柱形的集渣槽以使重渣得以有效收集后分離,最終成功實現(xiàn)重渣的排放并使排出重渣中灰分含量不低于80%,能根據(jù)反應器重渣含量隨時進行排放。(3)綜合運用厭氧顆粒污泥膨脹床和固體流態(tài)化技術,對IC反應器循環(huán)系統(tǒng)水力條件進行優(yōu)化。通過調整反應器出水設計,在內循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的基礎上增加一套功能上可以實現(xiàn)上部溢流出水,部分出水和洗出污泥循環(huán)回流至反應器的立管結構。由立管構成IC反應器的外部循環(huán)系統(tǒng),提高了反應器的液面上升流速而且可以使其穩(wěn)定在5~8m/h的中高負荷區(qū)間,出水顆粒污泥濃度≤5ml/L,保證了基質的混合強度和穩(wěn)定運行能力。(4)制作出實驗室規(guī)模的小試反應器裝置以檢測布水均勻性、重渣排放效果、流場形態(tài)和傳質效果、COD去除率與運行穩(wěn)定性等。小試裝置運行狀態(tài)表明:布水系統(tǒng)均勻性顯著提高,布水區(qū)域無死區(qū);重渣成功從反應器中得到篩選分離;反應器基質間傳質明顯。反應器運行綜合評價體系項目中COD去除率達到80%,污泥負荷0.2kg COD/(kgVSS·d),容積負荷30kg COD/(m~3·d),出水VFA穩(wěn)定在5mmol/L左右,說明反應器運行狀況良好。最后,對原結構形式的IC反應器的關鍵結構進行了工程改造及應用,此工程是國內首次采用優(yōu)化后的關鍵結構對原有反應器進行的改造。改造后反應器運行數(shù)據(jù)及紅外熱成像檢測表明改造取得了預計效果:反應器布水均勻性得到改善;解決了原先存在的反應器鈣化和重渣不能篩選排放的問題;溫度場均衡分布區(qū)域占比達到90%以上;傳質效果較好,反應器運行穩(wěn)定高效,去除率較原設計值提高10個百分點。為IC厭氧反應器關鍵結構的研究、優(yōu)化和應用提供了新的參考。
[Abstract]:Internal circulation anaerobic reactor (IC reactor) is a highly efficient anaerobic bioreactor based on upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB). It is the most representative third generation anaerobic reactor. Water distribution system, heavy slag discharge and reactor circulatory system are the key structures which have significant influence on operation load and removal rate. At present, there are mainly uneven distribution of water, easy to appear dead zone, serious calcification of reactor and no effective discharge of heavy slag. The critical structure of IC reactor is optimized, such as insufficient circulation, poor buffer capacity and serious loss of biological granular sludge. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to make the reactor run stably and efficiently for a long time. On the basis of comparing and analyzing the design ideas, structural forms and mixing mechanism of various water distribution systems, etc. Combined with the technology of swirl water distribution and large resistance water distribution, a reactor gradient multi-layer swirl water distribution system is designed. The uniformity of water distribution of the system is improved and there is no dead zone in the water distribution area. The sludge bed was fluidized to enhance the mixing degree of wastewater and granular sludge, and the mass transfer and reaction process were effectively enhanced. The formation mechanism of heavy slag in the reactor was studied. Based on the principle of hydrocyclone slag removal, the structure design of heavy slag separation and discharge device in reactor was carried out, and a set of inverted cone hydrocyclone screening device was designed at the bottom of sludge bed of reactor. At the bottom of it, a cylindrical slag-collecting groove is designed so that the heavy slag can be collected effectively and separated from each other. Finally, the discharge of heavy slag is realized successfully, and the ash content in the discharged heavy slag is not less than 80%, which can be discharged at any time according to the heavy slag content of the reactor.) the anaerobic granular sludge bulking bed and the solid fluidization technology can be used synthetically. The hydraulic conditions of IC reactor circulation system are optimized. By adjusting the reactor effluent design, a set of functions can be added to the inner circulation system to realize the upper overflow effluent. The external circulation system of IC reactor is composed of risers, which can increase the rising velocity of liquid level of the reactor and stabilize it in the middle and high load range of 5~8m/h. The effluent granular sludge concentration 鈮，

本文編號：1679838