本文選題：IC反應(yīng)器　切入點(diǎn)：旋流布水　出處：《蘇州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：內(nèi)循環(huán)厭氧反應(yīng)器(簡稱IC反應(yīng)器)是在升流式厭氧污泥床UASB的基礎(chǔ)上發(fā)展而來的一種高效厭氧生物反應(yīng)器,是最具代表性的第三代厭氧反應(yīng)器。在IC反應(yīng)器的諸多部件中,對運(yùn)行負(fù)荷與去除率有著顯著影響的關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)有布水系統(tǒng)、重渣排放和反應(yīng)器循環(huán)系統(tǒng),目前主要存在布水不均勻、容易出現(xiàn)死區(qū)、反應(yīng)器鈣化嚴(yán)重且重渣無法實(shí)現(xiàn)有效排放、循環(huán)量不足、反應(yīng)器緩沖能力差、生物顆粒污泥流失嚴(yán)重等問題。因此,對IC反應(yīng)器的關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,使反應(yīng)器實(shí)現(xiàn)長期穩(wěn)定高效的運(yùn)行具有重要的理論與現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。(1)在對比分析各種布水系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)思想、結(jié)構(gòu)形式和混合機(jī)理等研究現(xiàn)狀的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合運(yùn)用旋流布水和大阻力配水技術(shù),設(shè)計(jì)出一套反應(yīng)器梯度多層旋流布水系統(tǒng)。提高系統(tǒng)的布水均勻性,布水區(qū)域無死區(qū),使污泥床處于流化狀態(tài)以增強(qiáng)廢水和顆粒污泥的混合度,有效強(qiáng)化傳質(zhì)和反應(yīng)過程。(2)對反應(yīng)器重渣形成機(jī)理進(jìn)行研究,借鑒水力旋流除渣原理對反應(yīng)器重渣分離與排放裝置進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)。在反應(yīng)器污泥床底部設(shè)計(jì)一套倒錐型重渣水力旋流篩選裝置,并在其底部設(shè)計(jì)一個圓柱形的集渣槽以使重渣得以有效收集后分離,最終成功實(shí)現(xiàn)重渣的排放并使排出重渣中灰分含量不低于80%,能根據(jù)反應(yīng)器重渣含量隨時進(jìn)行排放。(3)綜合運(yùn)用厭氧顆粒污泥膨脹床和固體流態(tài)化技術(shù),對IC反應(yīng)器循環(huán)系統(tǒng)水力條件進(jìn)行優(yōu)化。通過調(diào)整反應(yīng)器出水設(shè)計(jì),在內(nèi)循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的基礎(chǔ)上增加一套功能上可以實(shí)現(xiàn)上部溢流出水,部分出水和洗出污泥循環(huán)回流至反應(yīng)器的立管結(jié)構(gòu)。由立管構(gòu)成IC反應(yīng)器的外部循環(huán)系統(tǒng),提高了反應(yīng)器的液面上升流速而且可以使其穩(wěn)定在5~8m/h的中高負(fù)荷區(qū)間,出水顆粒污泥濃度≤5ml/L,保證了基質(zhì)的混合強(qiáng)度和穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行能力。(4)制作出實(shí)驗(yàn)室規(guī)模的小試反應(yīng)器裝置以檢測布水均勻性、重渣排放效果、流場形態(tài)和傳質(zhì)效果、COD去除率與運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定性等。小試裝置運(yùn)行狀態(tài)表明:布水系統(tǒng)均勻性顯著提高,布水區(qū)域無死區(qū);重渣成功從反應(yīng)器中得到篩選分離;反應(yīng)器基質(zhì)間傳質(zhì)明顯。反應(yīng)器運(yùn)行綜合評價體系項(xiàng)目中COD去除率達(dá)到80%,污泥負(fù)荷0.2kg COD/(kgVSS·d),容積負(fù)荷30kg COD/(m~3·d),出水VFA穩(wěn)定在5mmol/L左右,說明反應(yīng)器運(yùn)行狀況良好。最后,對原結(jié)構(gòu)形式的IC反應(yīng)器的關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了工程改造及應(yīng)用,此工程是國內(nèi)首次采用優(yōu)化后的關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)對原有反應(yīng)器進(jìn)行的改造。改造后反應(yīng)器運(yùn)行數(shù)據(jù)及紅外熱成像檢測表明改造取得了預(yù)計(jì)效果:反應(yīng)器布水均勻性得到改善;解決了原先存在的反應(yīng)器鈣化和重渣不能篩選排放的問題;溫度場均衡分布區(qū)域占比達(dá)到90%以上;傳質(zhì)效果較好,反應(yīng)器運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定高效,去除率較原設(shè)計(jì)值提高10個百分點(diǎn)。為IC厭氧反應(yīng)器關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)的研究、優(yōu)化和應(yīng)用提供了新的參考。
[Abstract]:Internal circulation anaerobic reactor (IC reactor) is a highly efficient anaerobic bioreactor based on upflow anaerobic sludge bed (UASB). It is the most representative third generation anaerobic reactor. Water distribution system, heavy slag discharge and reactor circulatory system are the key structures which have significant influence on operation load and removal rate. At present, there are mainly uneven distribution of water, easy to appear dead zone, serious calcification of reactor and no effective discharge of heavy slag. The critical structure of IC reactor is optimized, such as insufficient circulation, poor buffer capacity and serious loss of biological granular sludge. It is of great theoretical and practical significance to make the reactor run stably and efficiently for a long time. On the basis of comparing and analyzing the design ideas, structural forms and mixing mechanism of various water distribution systems, etc. Combined with the technology of swirl water distribution and large resistance water distribution, a reactor gradient multi-layer swirl water distribution system is designed. The uniformity of water distribution of the system is improved and there is no dead zone in the water distribution area. The sludge bed was fluidized to enhance the mixing degree of wastewater and granular sludge, and the mass transfer and reaction process were effectively enhanced. The formation mechanism of heavy slag in the reactor was studied. Based on the principle of hydrocyclone slag removal, the structure design of heavy slag separation and discharge device in reactor was carried out, and a set of inverted cone hydrocyclone screening device was designed at the bottom of sludge bed of reactor. At the bottom of it, a cylindrical slag-collecting groove is designed so that the heavy slag can be collected effectively and separated from each other. Finally, the discharge of heavy slag is realized successfully, and the ash content in the discharged heavy slag is not less than 80%, which can be discharged at any time according to the heavy slag content of the reactor.) the anaerobic granular sludge bulking bed and the solid fluidization technology can be used synthetically. The hydraulic conditions of IC reactor circulation system are optimized. By adjusting the reactor effluent design, a set of functions can be added to the inner circulation system to realize the upper overflow effluent. The external circulation system of IC reactor is composed of risers, which can increase the rising velocity of liquid level of the reactor and stabilize it in the middle and high load range of 5~8m/h. The effluent granular sludge concentration 鈮，

本文編號：1679838