本文選題：人工濕地　切入點(diǎn)：水芹　出處：《南京大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：浮床(floating-bed)是當(dāng)前廣泛采用一項(xiàng)人工濕地構(gòu)建技術(shù),有關(guān)浮床人工濕地的定性描述較多,但直接與傳統(tǒng)人工濕地比較與定量分析的研究卻少見報(bào)道。針對(duì)人工濕地冬季凈化能力不足的瓶頸問題,以及不同濕地植物培養(yǎng)方式可能影響其凈化效果的問題,以水生植物水芹(Oenanthe javanica(Bl.)DC.)為研究材料,在洪澤野外基地,構(gòu)建了傳統(tǒng)表面流人工濕地和浮床人工濕地。通過小試實(shí)驗(yàn),研究了沙基法(SC)和浮床法(FBC)種植水芹對(duì)冬季人工濕地污水的凈化能力、水芹的越冬能力、細(xì)菌群落多樣性和氮代謝相關(guān)功能基因豐度等問題。旨在為理清浮床濕地的凈化機(jī)制、構(gòu)建更高效浮床人工濕地提供理論依據(jù)。實(shí)驗(yàn)主要得到以下結(jié)論:(1)與CK相比,冬季種植水芹可顯著提高濕地對(duì)TP和TN去除率;與浮床培養(yǎng)方式相比,沙基培養(yǎng)方式的TP和TN去除率略有提高。4個(gè)試驗(yàn)周期中,處理期間總磷(TP)和總氮(TN)去除率表現(xiàn)出顯著差異:對(duì)照(CK)組、SC和FBC4個(gè)周期對(duì)TP 的去除率平均值為(20.17±19.23)%,(59.60±7.54)%和(45.44±29.22)%;對(duì) TN 去除率平均值依次為:(29.83±19.65)%,(64.89±23.01)%和(60.50±25.86)%。(2)冬季人工濕地中,水芹采取SC和FBC兩種培養(yǎng)方式,均可安全越冬。與沙基種植法相比,浮床種植法更有利于植物總生物量的增加,特別是根系生物量的增加。實(shí)驗(yàn)期間,FBC根部生物量一直高于SC處理,Ⅰ、Ⅱ周期差異顯著(p=6.99E-7-0.028)。同時(shí)在Ⅰ,Ⅱ和Ⅲ周期,FBC凋落物量也顯著高于SC。(3)相對(duì)于浮床種植法,傳統(tǒng)的沙基種植法能使水芹根系在越冬期大部分時(shí)間內(nèi)保持較高的活力和泌氧能力。除第Ⅲ周期,SC根系活力顯著低于FBC(p=1.58E-4),其余3個(gè)周期沙基種植法均高于浮床種植法。觀察根系泌氧能力,SC和FBC結(jié)果呈現(xiàn)出和根系活力相同的趨勢。(4)兩種人工濕地都有利于變形菌綱細(xì)菌生長,沙基種植法莖部比沙基種植法根系相對(duì)豐度更高,也比浮床種植法根系相對(duì)豐度高;同時(shí),沙基種植法莖部氣單胞菌屬明顯高于沙基種植法根系部位,同時(shí)也高于和浮床種植法根系部位。16S rRNA結(jié)果,水芹組織附著部分細(xì)菌優(yōu)勢綱為γ-proteobacteria(γ-變形菌綱),相對(duì)豐度為:60.8%(S.st.SC,沙基種植法水芹莖部細(xì)菌)41.9%(S.r.FBC,浮床種植法水芹根際細(xì)菌)24.4%(S.ro.SC,沙基種植法水芹根際細(xì)菌)。Aeromonas spp.(氣單胞菌屬)相對(duì)豐度為:24.3%(S.st.SC)2.8%(S.ro.SC)2.2%(S.r.FBC)。(5)實(shí)時(shí)熒光定量PCR結(jié)果表明:兩種不同培養(yǎng)方式的人工濕地,氨氧化反應(yīng)相關(guān)的amoA基因絕對(duì)豐度表現(xiàn)出較大差異,浮床種植法集中在水芹根系,沙基種植法集中在根系附近基質(zhì)。植物組織附著部分細(xì)菌樣品amoA基因豐度檢測結(jié)果為:S.r.FBC:(9.77E+12±7.78E+12)copies/g;S.ro.SC:(2.20E+12±3.71E+11)copies/g;S.st.SC:(1.41E+12±8.49E+11)copies/g;基質(zhì)部分結(jié)果為:S.s.FBC(浮床種植法基質(zhì)樣品)(6.20E+11±1.07E+12)copies/g;S.sa.SC(沙基種植法基質(zhì)樣品):(1.38E+12±2.32E+12)copies/g;S.sr.SC(沙基種植法靠近水芹根系樣品):(2.03E+13±1.46E+13)copies/g。因此,考慮到建設(shè)成本,在兩種培養(yǎng)方式均可選擇的條件下,可優(yōu)選傳統(tǒng)的沙基(或底泥)培養(yǎng)方式;對(duì)深水等不能采用沙基(或底泥)培養(yǎng)方式的區(qū)域,可選用浮床種植的方式,也能保證耐寒水生植物的安全越冬和保持較高的凈化能力。
[Abstract]:Floating bed (floating-bed) is widely used in an artificial wetland construction technology, the qualitative description of floating bed artificial wetland is more, but the research of direct comparison with traditional artificial wetland and quantitative analysis were rarely reported. To solve the bottleneck problem of insufficient capacity of constructed wetlands in winter, and different culture methods of wetland plants may affect the effect of purification the problem with aquatic plant cress (Oenanthe javanica (Bl.) DC.) as the research materials in the field of Hongze base, constructed the traditional surface flow constructed wetland and artificial wetland. Floating bed through laboratory experiments, the research method of sand (SC) and floating bed method (FBC) for winter planting artificial wetland sewage cress the purification ability, overwintering ability of cress, bacterial diversity and abundance of functional genes related to nitrogen metabolism and other issues. To clarify the purification mechanism of floating bed wetland, constructing more efficient floating bed artificial wetland 鎻愪緵鐞嗚渚濇嵁.瀹為獙涓昏寰楀埌浠ヤ笅緇撹:(1)涓嶤K鐩告瘮,鍐縐嶆姘磋姽鍙樉钁楁彁楂樻箍鍦板TP鍜孴N鍘婚櫎鐜，

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