本文選題：土壤微生物　切入點(diǎn)：汽修噴涂廢氣　出處：《重慶工商大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：汽修噴涂廢氣是一類常見且對人體危害很大的氣體。微生物法處理廢氣技術(shù)的研究在水溶液處理中較為普遍,在合適的操作條件下,處理低濃度惡臭廢氣可以獲得較高的去除效率,且無二次污染產(chǎn)生。土壤微生物法處理汽修廠噴涂廢氣從理論上可以達(dá)到相同或者優(yōu)于現(xiàn)有廢氣處理技術(shù)的處理效果。因此用土壤微生物裝置降解汽修噴涂廢氣的研究具有較大的理論和實(shí)踐意義。本研究以苯、甲苯為主要特征污染物代表汽修噴涂廢氣,從土壤中篩選出能高效降解苯和甲苯的真菌,對降解效果好的菌種進(jìn)行鑒定和降解條件的優(yōu)化,以期得到高效處理汽修噴涂廢氣的微生物;設(shè)計了專門的土壤微生物廢氣處理裝置,研究了該裝置掛膜前后的流動阻力特性。分別考察了以鋸末:黏土(3:1),鋸末:谷殼:黏土(1:1:2),黏土:谷殼(3:1)混合填料條件反應(yīng)裝置對不同濃度的甲苯廢氣的去除效果,以及不同濕度時各種條件填料對甲苯的降解效率。本研究采取加油站附近和油漆廠附近的土壤為真菌菌源,通過篩選得到兩株苯和甲苯高效降解真菌Z1和H1。用ITS法進(jìn)行鑒定,H1為土曲霉菌較易降解甲苯,Z1菌為煙曲霉菌較易降解苯。研究表明,土曲霉對甲苯有良好的降解效果,煙曲霉對苯有良好的降解效果。對土曲霉菌降解甲苯的溫度、pH和初始底物濃度的單因子試驗結(jié)果表明,土曲霉菌在第8d對初始濃度450mg/L和4500mg/L的苯的降解率分別為78.56%、33.96%,說明菌種對低濃度底物降解有較好效果。土曲霉降解甲苯的最適溫度為30℃,最適pH為4.0。對煙曲霉菌株降解苯的溫度、pH、初始苯濃度、吐溫80添加量4個因素進(jìn)行了正交試驗。結(jié)果表明菌株煙曲霉菌降解苯的最佳條件為200mg/L,溫度為30℃,pH為4.0,吐溫80添加量為0.5mL/L,在該條件下煙曲霉菌對苯的最大降解率為80.4%,降解率明顯高于未馴化前。在研究中設(shè)計了一套土壤微生物處理系統(tǒng),并通過運(yùn)行對處理系統(tǒng)掛膜前后的流動阻力特性進(jìn)行了試驗研究,結(jié)論如下:在塔內(nèi)填料高度一定時,隨著氣體流量的增加,壓力損失也增加;隨著生物膜的增長,氣體的流通空間減小,相對氣速增大,壓力損失也增加;掛膜后過濾塔內(nèi)氣側(cè)流動阻力遠(yuǎn)大于掛膜前的流動阻力,氣側(cè)流動阻力的變化可作為判斷微生物生長情況的依據(jù)�？疾炝搜b置在不同甲苯進(jìn)口濃度情況下的去除效果,考察了三種不同混合比條件下填料的降解效果。實(shí)驗結(jié)果表明:三種條件下對甲苯有良好的去除率,其中鋸末和黏土的混合條件下能達(dá)到最好的降解效果。在甲苯進(jìn)口濃度100 mg/L,填料含水量為300g/kg時,最大去除率接近90%。裝置的去除速率與進(jìn)口負(fù)荷與甲苯去除率有關(guān),當(dāng)進(jìn)口濃度300mg/m3,流量2.4m3/h時,最大去除負(fù)荷能達(dá)到4.8g/m3·h。研究表明鋸末和黏土混合作為填料時對高濃度的甲苯有較好的降解能力。通過對填料的不同含水量下三套裝置對甲苯的凈化效率的研究,得到結(jié)果:填料含水量對去除率的影響較大,對三種填料的影響的總體趨勢是填料含水量越高降解效率越高。
[Abstract]:Automobile exhaust gas spraying is a kind of common and great harm to the human body. Research on gas biological treatment technology for waste gas is more common in the water solution, in the appropriate operating conditions, treatment of malodorous waste gas in low concentration can obtain higher removal efficiency, and no two pollution. The treatment effect of soil microbial treatment of auto repair factory exhaust gas spraying can theoretically achieve the same or better than the existing technology for waste gas treatment. Therefore research on degradation of aftermarket exhaust gas spraying device of soil microorganism has great theoretical and practical significance. In this study, benzene, toluene as the main representative of automotive exhaust gas spraying characteristics of pollutants, screened from soil degradation efficiency of benzene and toluene in fungi optimization, identification and degradation conditions on the degradation efficiency of good bacteria, in order to get the efficient processing of automotive exhaust gas spraying microorganisms; special design Soil microbial waste gas treatment device, flow resistance characteristics of the device. Before and after the biofilm were investigated by using sawdust: Clay (3:1), sawdust: rice husk: Clay (1:1:2), clay: rice husk (3:1) on the removal of toluene with different concentrations of the mixed packing conditions of reaction device, and different humidity variety the conditions of toluene filler on degradation efficiency. This research adopts the gas station nearby and paint factory soil fungus source is obtained through screening two strains of benzene and toluene efficient degradation fungi Z1 and H1. were identified by ITS method, H1 a.terreus easily degraded toluene, Aspergillus fumigatus strain Z1 was easily degraded benzene. The study shows that the soil have a good effect on the degradation of Aspergillus fumigatus with toluene, good degradation effect of benzene. The a.terreus toluene degradation temperature, single factor test results of pH and initial substrate concentration showed that Aspergillus terrus in section 8D of The initial concentration of 450mg/L and 4500mg/L on the degradation rate of benzene was 78.56%, 33.96%, indicating that the bacteria had good effect on the low concentration of substrate degradation. The optimum temperature is 30 DEG C a.terreus toluene degradation, the optimum pH for 4.0. of Aspergillus benzene degradation temperature, pH, initial concentration of benzene, the orthogonal test of Twain 80 the addition of 4 factors. The results showed that the optimum conditions of Aspergillus fumigatus strain degradation of benzene is 200mg/L, the temperature is 30 DEG C, pH 4, Twain 80 adding amount of 0.5mL/L, in the condition of Aspergillus fumigatus on benzene maximum degradation rate was 80.4%, the degradation rate is obviously higher than that before domestication is designed. A set of soil microbial treatment system in the study, and through the operation of the experimental study on the flow resistance characteristics of membrane hanging processing system before and after the conclusions are as follows: the tower height, with the increase of gas flow rate, the pressure loss will increase with the biofilm; The growth of gas circulation space decreases, the relative gas velocity increases, the pressure loss increases; biofilm filtration tower gas side flow resistance is far greater than the flow resistance of biofilm before the change of gas side flow resistance can be used to determine the microbial growth basis. The removal effect in different inlet toluene concentration under the condition of device study the effects of three kinds of different mixing ratio degradation results under conditions of packing. The experimental results show that under the three conditions of toluene removal is good, the sawdust and clay mixing conditions can achieve the best effect of degradation. The inlet toluene concentration of 100 mg/L, the water content is 300g/kg, the maximum removal rate close to the 90%. device removal rate and import load and removal rate of toluene, when the inlet concentration of 300mg/m3, flow rate 2.4m3/h, the maximum removal load can reach 4.8g/m3 and h. studies showed that sawdust and clay mixed cooperation For the high concentration of toluene on the filler has better degradation ability. Get the results by different water content of filler under three sets of equipment research, the purification efficiency of toluene: the water content has great influence on the removal rate, the overall trend of the influence of three kinds of filler filler is more moisture in the degradation efficiency high.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶工商大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X701

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