本文選題：梯度擴散薄膜技術(DGT)　切入點：土壤重金屬　出處：《北京交通大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：由于我國土壤重金屬元素污染形式嚴峻,土壤重金屬元素缺乏準確地、快捷地方法來評價其污染程度,因此本文以新型DTPA-LDH-DGT研制、吸附過程研究和應用為背景,將DGT技術應用于土壤重金屬元素生物有效態(tài)含量的測定,結果表明:(1)DGT測得銅、鎘、鉛元素的有效態(tài)含量與土壤理化性質(zhì)的相關性R2依次為0.25、0.35、0.24;化學方法測得的有效態(tài)含量與土壤理化性質(zhì)的相關性R2依次為0.47、0.64、0.61,表明DGT相比于化學方法測得的結果與土壤理化性質(zhì)的相關性要小,在實際應用中DGT更加適用于土壤重金屬生物有效態(tài)含量的測定。(2)DGT測得銅、鎘、鉛元素的有效態(tài)含量與水稻中的重金屬含量相關性比土壤總量與水稻中重金屬相關性高(R2=0.77、0.83、0.85,R2= 0.67、0.65及不相關),能夠充分說明DGT測定的土壤重金屬生物有效態(tài)是可靠的,結果更加準確。(3)DTPA-LDH-DGT對重金屬銅、鎘和鉛三種元素的擴散系數(shù)依次為6.23×10-6cm2s-1、6.09×10-6cm2s-1 和 8.03×10-6cm2s-1,對三種元素的吸附量均可在3h之內(nèi)達到總量的90%,洗脫效率均為95%以上,比傳統(tǒng)的Chelex-DGT的洗脫效率80%要高,在洗脫方面更有優(yōu)勢。(4)兩種DGT在0.1 μmol/L銅、鎘和鉛混合液的競爭吸附過程中,Chelex-DGT對鉛的吸附量大于鎘,鎘吸附量大于銅,DTPA-LDH-DGT對鉛的吸附量大于銅,銅吸附量大于鎘,兩者均是對鉛的優(yōu)先吸附,但對銅和鎘吸附順序不同,DTPA-LDH-DGT對鎘和鉛的吸附性能與Chelex100相比相差不大,但是對銅的吸附量比Chelex-DGT高出3倍。(5)pH對銅、鎘和鉛離子混合液的競爭吸附的影響規(guī)律為隨pH的升高而增多,增至7以上則趨于穩(wěn)定。有機質(zhì)對銅、鎘和鉛離子混合液的競爭吸附的影響規(guī)律為有機態(tài)重金屬的吸附量相比離子態(tài)重金屬有所降低,吸附順序沒有變化,兩種DGT均是對鉛吸附量最高,銅和鎘吸附量依次低于鉛。
[Abstract]:Because of the severe pollution form of heavy metal elements in soil in China, and the lack of accurate and quick method to evaluate the pollution degree of heavy metal elements in soil, the background of this paper is the development of new DTPA-LDH-DGT, the research and application of adsorption process. The DGT technique was applied to the determination of the bioavailability of heavy metal elements in soil. The results showed that Cu and CD were determined by DGT. The correlation between the available form content of lead and the physical and chemical properties of soil is 0.250.35 ~ 0.24, and that of chemical method is 0.47 ~ 0.64 ~ 0.61, which indicates that DGT is better than that of chemical method in comparison with soil. The correlation of soil physical and chemical properties is small, In practical application, DGT is more suitable for the determination of bioavailability of heavy metals in soil. The correlation between the available content of lead and the content of heavy metals in rice is higher than that between the total amount of soil and the heavy metals in rice. The correlation between the total amount of lead and the total amount of heavy metals in rice is higher than that of the total amount of soil and the correlation of heavy metals in rice. The correlation between the available contents of lead and the content of heavy metals in rice is higher than that of the total amount of soil and the correlation of heavy metals in rice. The results showed that the diffusion coefficients of DTPA-LDH-DGT for heavy metals copper, cadmium and lead were 6.23 脳 10 ~ (-6) cm ~ (-2) 路s ~ (-1) 6.09 脳 10-6cm2s-1 and 8.03 脳 10 ~ (-6) cm ~ (-2) 路s ~ (-1) respectively. The adsorption capacity of the three elements could reach 90% of the total amount within 3 hours, and the elution efficiency was more than 95%, which was 80% higher than that of traditional Chelex-DGT. In the competitive adsorption process of 0. 1 渭 mol/L copper, cadmium and lead mixtures, Chelex-DGT adsorbs more lead than cadmium, and cadmium is larger than copper (DTPA-LDH-DGT). Both of them were preferentially adsorbed to lead, but the adsorption order of copper and cadmium was different. The adsorption performance of DTPA-LDH-DGT on cadmium and lead was similar to that of Chelex100, but the adsorption capacity of copper was 3 times higher than that of Chelex-DGT. The effect of the competitive adsorption of cadmium and lead ion mixed solution increased with the increase of pH, and increased to more than 7, which tended to be stable. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of organic heavy metals was lower than that of ionic heavy metals, and the adsorption order was not changed. The adsorption amount of lead was the highest in both DGT, and the adsorption capacity of copper and cadmium was lower than that of lead in turn.
【學位授予單位】：北京交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X53

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