本文選題：非飽和土　切入點(diǎn)：汽油　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)代城市建設(shè)過程中,地鐵隧道開挖導(dǎo)致的加油站油庫及輸油管線泄露、石油開采以及城市污染企業(yè)廠址外遷而引發(fā)的土壤污染等工程問題,均涉及到含油氣有機(jī)污染物在土中的遷移問題。因此,研究汽油等有機(jī)污染物在非飽和土中的運(yùn)移分布規(guī)律、分析其影響因素十分必要,將為相關(guān)工程的安全建設(shè)運(yùn)營以及污染治理提供理論基礎(chǔ)和技術(shù)支持。本文首先基于多孔介質(zhì)污染物遷移理論,從系統(tǒng)的平衡方程出發(fā),重點(diǎn)考慮土中泄露汽油相變作用和液相滯后效應(yīng)的影響,建立了描述非飽和土中NAPL-水-氣運(yùn)移規(guī)律的理論模型。隨后,自主研制了能夠模擬汽油在土層中運(yùn)移的土柱實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置,對汽油液、氣兩相在不同干密度、含水率條件下非飽和土中的運(yùn)移規(guī)律開展了實(shí)驗(yàn)研究。最后,基于建立的模型,采用數(shù)值方法模擬了汽油在非飽和土中運(yùn)移過程,研究了液、氣兩相汽油在土層中的運(yùn)移分布規(guī)律,重點(diǎn)分析了滯后效應(yīng)對汽油運(yùn)移分布的影響,并對干密度和含水量等土體參數(shù)進(jìn)行了敏感性分析。主要研究成果包括:(1)基于多孔介質(zhì)污染物遷移理論,重點(diǎn)考慮土中非水相流體(NAPL)的相變和液相滯后效應(yīng)的影響,建立了非飽和土中NAPL-水-氣運(yùn)移模型。針對非飽和土以及NAPL的特點(diǎn),分析了影響非飽和土中NAPL運(yùn)移的主要因素;建立了非飽和土中NAPL運(yùn)移質(zhì)量平衡方程,并對流體物性參數(shù)、動(dòng)力彌撒系數(shù)以及相變速率和流體流動(dòng)特性進(jìn)行了描述;以VG模型為基礎(chǔ),建立了考慮滯后效應(yīng)的兩相和三相流K-S-P本構(gòu)模型。(2)研制了非飽和土中汽油運(yùn)移土柱實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置,通過開展土柱實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,揭示了不同相態(tài)汽油在非飽和土中的運(yùn)移及分布規(guī)律。研制了一種能夠模擬汽油運(yùn)移的土柱實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置,提出了不同狀態(tài)非飽和土中不同相態(tài)汽油遷移分布的測定方法;基于該裝置,針對北京有軌電車西郊線植物園站-萬安公墓站區(qū)間下穿香泉環(huán)島隧道工程中的加油站油庫泄漏問題,對取自該工程現(xiàn)場的土樣開展了不同干密度和含水量土樣的汽油滲透土柱實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,揭示了液相和氣相汽油在非飽和土中的運(yùn)移及分布規(guī)律,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,增大含水率或減小干密度均會(huì)加速汽油的運(yùn)移。(3)基于土柱實(shí)驗(yàn)成果,采用已建立的數(shù)學(xué)模型,利用數(shù)值模擬的手段,通過建模計(jì)算分析了汽油泄漏后在非飽和土中的運(yùn)移分布規(guī)律�；谒⒌臄�(shù)學(xué)模型及實(shí)驗(yàn)研究成果,利用NAPL Simulator完善了考慮相變和滯后的非飽和土中NAPL運(yùn)移計(jì)算程序和模擬方法;建立了一維土柱計(jì)算模型并開展計(jì)算,通過與土柱實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的對比驗(yàn)證了所建立理論模型及程序的合理性;建立了二維數(shù)值模型,通過數(shù)值計(jì)算給出了液相和氣相汽油的空間分布特點(diǎn)、典型位置汽油濃度演化規(guī)律,并重點(diǎn)分析了滯后效應(yīng)和干密度的影響。結(jié)果表明:汽油在土層中運(yùn)移主要受重力和毛細(xì)壓力作用,最終會(huì)在地下水位以上的毛細(xì)上升區(qū)大量聚集,并向水平方向擴(kuò)展;氣相濃度隨深度增加而增大,直至在某一深度處達(dá)到平衡濃度;氣相分布范圍明顯大于液相;滯后效應(yīng)對于汽油的遷移有明顯的阻滯作用。
[Abstract]:The process of modern city construction, oil and gas station pipeline leak caused by tunnel excavation, soil pollution and other engineering problems of oil exploitation and pollution of the city site relocation triggered by problems are related to the migration of oil and gas of organic pollutants in soil. Therefore, research on gasoline and other organic contaminant transport in unsaturated soils distribution, it is necessary to analyze the influencing factors, to provide theoretical basis and technical support for related engineering construction and operation safety and pollution control. Firstly, based on the theory of transfer of porous medium of pollutants, starting from the balance equation of the system, mainly considering the influence of soil leakage and liquid phase changing gasoline phase lag effect, was established to describe the non the theoretical model of NAPL- saturated water gas shift in soil. Then, the experimental device can independently developed a soil column simulated gasoline migration in soil, The liquid gasoline, gas phase in different dry density, migration in saturated soil to carry out experimental study on non moisture conditions. Finally, based on the established model, the numerical simulation of gasoline in unsaturated soils during the migration of liquid, gas, gasoline migration in soil distribution, key analysis of the lag effect on gasoline transport and distribution, and the dry density and water content of the soil parameter sensitivity analysis is carried out. The main results include: (1) based on the transfer theory of porous medium pollutants, focus on non water phase flow in soil (NAPL) effect of phase transition and liquid phase lag effect, set up in unsaturated soil NAPL- water migration model for unsaturated soils and the characteristics of NAPL, analyzes the main factors affecting NAPL migration in saturated soil is established; unsaturated soil mass balance equation of NAPL migration, and convection body Dynamic parameters, mass coefficient and phase velocity and fluid flow characteristics are described; based on VG model, established the K-S-P constitutive model considering the lag effect of two-phase and three-phase. (2) developed gasoline migration in unsaturated soil column experiment device, through the study of soil column experiment, migration and distribution law reveals a different phase of gasoline in unsaturated soils. Developed a soil column experiment device can simulate gas migration, put forward different state in different phase of gasoline in the saturated soil migration method for determining the distribution; based on the device, for the Beijing tram line west botanical garden station Wanan cemetery station through interval Xiangquan Island tunnel engineering in gas station oil leakage problem of the project site from soil samples carried out different dry density and water content of soil gas column experiment reveals the soil permeability, liquid and gas Gasoline is the law of movement and distribution in unsaturated soils, the experimental results show that the increase of migration rate of water or reduce dry density will accelerate gasoline. (3) based on the results of soil column experiments, the mathematical model has been established, using the method of numerical simulation, the modeling calculation and analysis of gasoline leak in in the saturated soil migration. The mathematical model and experimental study based on the results of using NAPL Simulator to improve the non program and the simulation method of calculating NAPL migration in saturated soil considering the transformation and lag; calculation model and carry out the calculation of one-dimensional soil column is established, verified the rationality of the model and program by compared with the experimental results of soil column; a two-dimensional numerical model, the spatial distribution characteristics of liquid phase and gas phase of gasoline are given by numerical calculation, the typical position of gasoline concentration evolution, and analyzes the The hysteresis effect and density. The results showed that the gasoline migration in soil is mainly affected by gravity and capillary pressure, will eventually rise above the water level in the capillary zone gathered, and extended to the horizontal direction; the gas concentration increases with the depth increasing, until at a certain depth to reach the equilibrium concentration of gas phase; the distribution range was significantly greater than the liquid phase; the lag effect has obvious retarding effect on gas migration.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X53

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