本文選題：面源污染　切入點(diǎn)：磷素流失　出處：《西南交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：水體富營養(yǎng)化的日益加劇與農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染問題中氮、磷等的排放問題密切相關(guān)。施肥結(jié)構(gòu)不合理、過度且過量的施用化肥等都會(huì)使得土壤中的磷素處于富集狀態(tài)。土壤中滯留的磷素會(huì)隨著土壤侵蝕、地表徑流和滲漏淋溶這幾種方式進(jìn)入地表及地下水體環(huán)境中并不斷累積,最終引起水體富營養(yǎng)化。因此,對(duì)于面源污染中磷素流失規(guī)律的研究就顯得尤為重要。本論文通過模擬耕作地塊進(jìn)行小白菜種植,運(yùn)用人工降雨系統(tǒng),進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)。分別測(cè)定在不同降雨強(qiáng)度和不同坡度條件下隨地表徑流水和土壤滲漏水流失的總磷、溶解態(tài)磷和顆粒態(tài)磷的濃度,總結(jié)分析其變化規(guī)律及影響因素。本論文首先研究了不同坡度條件對(duì)于土壤中磷素流失的影響。研究得出,隨著地表徑流水流失的總磷和顆粒態(tài)磷的濃度與坡度呈正相關(guān);而溶解態(tài)磷濃度與坡度呈負(fù)相關(guān)。土壤20 cm滲漏水中總磷、溶解態(tài)磷,土壤40 cm滲漏水中總磷、溶解態(tài)磷和顆粒態(tài)磷濃度與坡度呈負(fù)相關(guān)。同時(shí),研究得出,不同坡度下,總磷、溶解態(tài)磷和顆粒態(tài)磷的濃度均隨著土壤層次的加深而呈現(xiàn)遞減的分布規(guī)律。坡度較大(15°、20°)時(shí),顆粒態(tài)磷是地表徑流水中磷素流失的主要形態(tài),坡度較小(5°、10°)時(shí),地表徑流水中溶解態(tài)磷和顆粒態(tài)磷流失程度相當(dāng)。在不同坡度條件下,土壤20 cm和40 cm滲漏水中磷素流失的主要形態(tài)均為溶解態(tài)磷。然后,本論文研究了不同降雨強(qiáng)度條件對(duì)土壤中磷素流失的影響。研究得出,地表徑流水、土壤20 cm和40 cm滲漏水中總磷、溶解態(tài)磷和顆粒態(tài)磷的濃度與降雨強(qiáng)度呈正相關(guān)。不同降雨強(qiáng)度下,隨水流失的總磷、溶解態(tài)磷和顆粒態(tài)磷的濃度隨著土壤層次的加深而呈現(xiàn)遞減的分布規(guī)律。雨強(qiáng)較小(30 mm/h和60 mm/h)時(shí),地表徑流水中溶解態(tài)磷和顆粒態(tài)磷流失程度相當(dāng)。雨強(qiáng)較大(90 mm/h和120 mm/h)時(shí),隨著地表徑流水流失的磷素的主要形態(tài)是顆粒態(tài)磷。在不同降雨強(qiáng)度條件下,溶解態(tài)磷是土壤20 cm和40 cm滲漏水中總磷流失的主要形態(tài)。通過以上研究,了解了土壤中磷素在特定條件下的去向特征規(guī)律以及影響因素,這為實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中不同降雨強(qiáng)度、不同坡度地形對(duì)農(nóng)村面源污染的影響研究提供了一定的理論方面的支持和指導(dǎo)作用。
[Abstract]:The increasing eutrophication of water body is closely related to the discharge of nitrogen and phosphorus in agricultural non-point source pollution. Excessive and excessive application of chemical fertilizers will lead to the accumulation of phosphorus in the soil, and the remaining phosphorus in the soil will enter and accumulate in the surface and underground water environment with soil erosion, surface runoff and leakage leaching. Therefore, it is very important to study the regularity of phosphorus loss in non-point source pollution. In this paper, we use artificial rainfall system to plant pakchoi on simulated tillage plots. Experiments were carried out. The concentrations of total phosphorus, dissolved phosphorus and particulate phosphorus in the topographic diameter income and soil leakage water were determined under different rainfall intensity and slope. Firstly, the effects of different slope conditions on the loss of phosphorus in soil were studied. The results showed that the total phosphorus and the concentration of particulate phosphorus were positively correlated with the slope with the loss of total phosphorus and particulate phosphorus by income. However, the concentration of dissolved phosphorus was negatively correlated with the gradient. The total phosphorus, dissolved phosphorus, total phosphorus and dissolved phosphorus and particulate phosphorus were negatively correlated with the slope degree in 20 cm soil leakage water, 40 cm soil leakage water, and 40 cm soil leakage water, respectively. At the same time, it was found that under different slopes, the concentration of dissolved phosphorus and particulate phosphorus was negatively correlated with the slope. The concentration of total phosphorus, dissolved phosphorus and particulate phosphorus decreased with the deepening of soil layer. When the slope was larger than 15 擄~ 20 擄, granular phosphorus was the main form of phosphorus loss in surface runoff water, and the slope was lower than 5 擄~ 10 擄. Under different slope conditions, the main forms of phosphorus loss in 20 cm and 40 cm soil leakage water were dissolved phosphorus. In this paper, the effects of different rainfall intensity on phosphorus loss in soil were studied. The results showed that the topsoil diameter income, soil 20 cm and 40 cm leakage water total phosphorus, The concentrations of dissolved phosphorus and particulate phosphorus were positively correlated with rainfall intensity. The concentration of dissolved phosphorus and particulate phosphorus decreased with the deepening of soil layer. When the rainfall intensity was less than 30 mm/h and 60 mm / h, the amount of dissolved phosphorus and particulate phosphorus in surface runoff water was the same as that in the surface runoff water. When the rainfall intensity was higher than 90 mm/h and 120 mm / h, the concentration of dissolved phosphorus and particulate phosphorus in surface runoff water was about 90 mm/h and 120 mm / h, respectively. Under different rainfall intensity, dissolved phosphorus is the main form of total phosphorus loss in 20 cm and 40 cm soil leakage water. The characteristics of phosphorus in soil under certain conditions and the influencing factors are understood. This is different rainfall intensity in actual production. The research on the influence of different slope topography on rural non-point source pollution provides some theoretical support and guidance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X52

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