發(fā)布時間：2018-03-20 11:21

  本文選題：納米銀　切入點：大豆　出處：《安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著AgNP產(chǎn)品的廣泛運用,被釋放到生態(tài)環(huán)境中的AgNP已經(jīng)不可避免,并會對環(huán)境中的生物造成潛在風險,因此我們有必要對納米銀的環(huán)境行為展開研究。本文選取AgNP為研究對象,重點研究了AgNP對植物的生物有效性以及食物鏈傳遞規(guī)律:首先在實驗室合成了穩(wěn)定性較好的AgNP;考察了AgNP對大豆生長過程中的光合系統(tǒng)Ⅱ的影響;研究了在不同暴露途徑下大豆對AgNP吸收轉運的影響;分析了Ag NP在生菜-蝸牛食物鏈傳遞中的傳遞規(guī)律,以及蝸牛在水相暴露中對AgNP的積累,并建立生物動力學模型。最后進行了同位素109AgNP和Ag2S-NP的暴露實驗。主要研究成果如下:(1)大豆水培暴露AgNP和AgNO3,AgNP及AgNO3濃度分別設置為0、1、5、10 mg·L-1和0、0.1、0.5、1 mg·L-1。測定了AgNP及AgNO3處理對大豆生物量的影響以及測定大豆葉片中的葉綠素含量,運用葉綠素熒光技術分析了AgNP和AgNO3處理對大豆光系統(tǒng)Ⅱ(PSⅡ)的影響。實驗結果發(fā)現(xiàn),高濃度AgNP、AgNO3處理組的大豆地上部和地下部生物量與空白對照組相比分別降低了36.8%、40.5%和32.8%、36.6%;高濃度AgNP、AgNO3處理組大豆葉綠素a和葉綠素b的含量與空白對比分別降低了25.2%、22.8%和31.5%、23.3%。同時AgNP及AgNO3處理會降低大豆葉片PSⅡ系統(tǒng)的活性。(2)大豆在葉面暴露,根系暴露和綜合暴露三種途徑下暴露于10 mg·L-1AgNP和1 mg·L-1 AgNO3,主要考察不同暴露途徑下AgNP及AgNO3在大豆各組織中的吸收和轉運。結果表明大豆新葉中積累的總銀含量為0.06-1.03μg·g-1,僅葉面暴露的大豆的根部積累總銀含量為1.07-1.47μg·g-1,即AgNP能夠從葉面轉運至地下部。大豆葉面暴露AgNP對應的遷移系數(shù)遠低于根部暴露AgNP的遷移系數(shù)(0.002 vs.0.28)。不論暴露途徑,AgNP處理的遷移系數(shù)均小于AgNO3處理(0.002-0.28 vs.0.011-0.71)。本研究表明暴露途徑和Ag形態(tài)均會對大豆新葉中Ag的積累量及轉運過程產(chǎn)生影響。(3)研究了蝸牛對AgNP以及AgNO3的食物相、水相暴露試驗,研究結果表明,蝸牛對AgNP和AgNO3的同化效率分別為73.3%和76%,AgNP和AgNO3處理組的IR分別為0.11±0.03 g·g-1·d-1和0.07±0.02 g·g-1·d-1。蝸牛水相暴露后AgNP處理組的水相吸收速率常數(shù)遠小于AgNO3處理組(2×10-4 vs.0.12 L·g-1·d-1)。在食物相和水相試驗的基礎上建立生物動力學模型,該模型預測顯示在兩種暴露模式中食物相對AgNP在蝸牛體內累積的貢獻遠大于水相所做的貢獻(Rfood90%),這說明了在陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中AgNP有沿著食物鏈傳遞的潛在風險。(4)通過同時進行葉面暴露相同濃度(0.2 mg·L-1)的同位素標記的109AgNP和根部暴露不同濃度(10,20,50 mg·L-1)的Ag2S-NP,考察同位素107Ag和109Ag在大豆體內的積累,計算大豆不同部位中109Ag和107Ag的比例,并設計了高濃度組葉片到蝸牛的食物鏈傳遞試驗,研究表明大豆經(jīng)過葉面暴露的葉片中109Ag的比例為90.9-95%,未經(jīng)過葉面暴露的葉片中109Ag比例為28.4-43.9%,根系109Ag僅占3%左右。遷移系數(shù)表明根系暴露的107Ag主要積累在根部,葉面暴露的109Ag更傾向于遷移至地下部。在食物鏈傳遞過程中銀的同位素107Ag的比例由71.6%升為79.0%,說明107Ag在傳遞過程中更具有優(yōu)勢。
[Abstract]:With the wide use of AgNP products, was released to the ecological environment in AgNP is inevitable, and will cause a potential risk to the environment in biology, so it is necessary for us to study environmental behavior of nano silver. This paper chooses AgNP as the research object, focusing on the study of AgNP on the bioavailability of plant and food chain transfer law first synthesized in the laboratory better stability of AgNP; the effects of AgNP on growth of soybean in the process of photosystem II; studied under different exposure pathway of soybean on absorption of AgNP; the analysis of the transfer law of Ag NP in the food chain transfer of lettuce - snail, snails in water and exposure accumulation of AgNP, and the establishment of bio kinetic model. Finally the exposure experiment isotope 109AgNP and Ag2S-NP. The main results are as follows: (1) soybean hydroponic exposure of AgNP and AgNO3, AgNP and AgN The concentration of O3 AgNP and AgNO3 are respectively provided with determination of treatment effects on soybean biomass and determination of chlorophyll content in soybean leaves was 0,1,5,10 mg, L-1 0,0.1,0.5,1 and Mg L-1., analyzed AgNP and AgNO3 treatment on soybean using chlorophyll fluorescence technique of photosystem II (PS II). The experimental results showed that high concentration of AgNP AgNO3 treatment group, soybean shoot and root biomass compared with the blank control group were reduced by 36.8%, 40.5% and 32.8%, 36.6%; the high concentration of AgNP, AgNO3 group of soybean chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b content compared with the blank respectively decreased 25.2%, 22.8% and 31.5%, 23.3%. and AgNP and AgNO3 treatment to reduce the activity of soybean leaf PS II system. (2) in soybean leaf root exposure, exposure and three exposure pathways under exposure to 10 mg L-1AgNP and 1 mg L-1 AgNO3, AgNO3 AgNP and the effects of different exposure pathways Uptake and translocation in different tissues in soybean. The results showed that the total content of silver accumulation of soybean in the new leaves of 0.06-1.03 g g-1, the total content of silver accumulation only exposed the roots of soybean leaf for 1.07-1.47 g g-1, AgNP can be transported to the underground part. From the leaf of soybean leaf exposed migration coefficient corresponding to AgNP far below the root exposed migration coefficient AgNP (0.002 vs.0.28). Both routes of exposure, migration coefficient of AgNP treatment was less than AgNO3 treatment (0.002-0.28 vs.0.011-0.71). This study shows that exposure pathways and morphology of Ag are accumulation of soybean leaves in Ag and the transferring process influence. (3) Research on the snail AgNP and AgNO3 food, water exposure test, the results show that the assimilation efficiency of AgNP and AgNO3 were 73.3% and 76% snails, AgNP and AgNO3 group IR were 0.11 + 0.03 g g-1 + 0.02 D-1 and 0.07 G - g-1 - d-1. snail The absorption of aqueous AgNP treatment group the rate constant is much smaller than that of AgNO3 group after exposure to water (2 x 10-4 vs.0.12 L - g-1 - D-1). The establishment of bio kinetic model based on the test of food and water, the model shown in the two exposure relative to the AgNP model in the cumulative contribution of food in the body is far greater than the water snails the contributions (Rfood90%), which indicates that in terrestrial ecosystems AgNP along the potential risk of food chain. (4) at the same time by the same concentration of foliar exposure (0.2 mg L-1) of the isotope labeled 109AgNP and roots exposed to different concentrations (10,20,50 mg L-1) Ag2S-NP, 107Ag isotope study and 109Ag in soybean accumulation, calculation of 109Ag and 107Ag in different parts of soybean proportion, and the design of the high concentration group leaves to the snail food chain transfer test, studies showed that 109Ag soybean leaves after leaf exposed in The ratio of 90.9-95%, without 109Ag blades exposed in a ratio of 28.4-43.9%, root 109Ag accounted for only about 3%. The migration coefficient showed that the root exposed 107Ag mainly accumulated in roots, leaves exposed 109Ag tend to migrate to the underground part. In the process of silver isotope 107Ag food chain ratio increased from 71.6% to 79% and that 107Ag has more advantages in the transfer process.

【學位授予單位】：安徽農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X56;X82

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