本文選題：CIC反應器　切入點：餐廚垃圾　出處：《廣西師范大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：隨著國民經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,我國餐廚垃圾的總量逐年升高;同時環(huán)保要求不斷提高,餐廚垃圾的處理逐漸成為人們的研究熱點。針對餐廚垃圾的特點,厭氧消化技術(shù)具有明顯的優(yōu)勢,但其中所含高濃度氨氮與油脂的抑制作用是現(xiàn)今厭氧生物處理中遇到的一個難題,且其抑制的機理還存在爭議。本研究將自主設計的可控內(nèi)循環(huán)(CIC)厭氧反應器用于餐廚垃圾的處理,探討了該反應器的處理效能與工藝參數(shù)的優(yōu)化,并通過靜態(tài)小瓶試驗及反應器內(nèi)連續(xù)式厭氧消化試驗,對不同油脂及氨氮濃度對CIC厭氧反應器處理效能的影響及恢復措施進行了研究,同時系統(tǒng)分析了該反應器內(nèi)厭氧顆粒污泥的理化特性及微生物群落演替情況,得出如下結(jié)論:(1)反應器處理效能和工藝參數(shù)優(yōu)化研究。研究了水力停留時間、溫度和回流比對CIC厭氧反應器處理效果的影響,通過相應的單因素控制試驗并結(jié)合將來的工程實際應用情況,確定CIC厭氧反應器處理餐廚垃圾的最佳運行參數(shù)為:進水CODcr=5000mg/L,水力停留時間HRT=16h,溫度T=25℃,回流比R=3。在此運行條件下,出水CODcr約為650mg/L,CODcr去除率達87%以上,CIC厭氧反應器運行狀況良好。(2)在油脂的厭氧消化抑制試驗中,通過靜態(tài)小瓶試驗表明,當油脂濃度為2g/L時,厭氧體系的去除效果開始受到抑制,隨著油脂濃度的增加,其抑制效果更為明顯,CODcr去除率由94%降至27%;出水揮發(fā)酸(VFA)含量從5mmol/L上升至9mmol/L。CIC反應器內(nèi)連續(xù)式厭氧消化試驗表明,進水油脂濃度為3g/L時產(chǎn)生抑制作用,隨著進水油脂濃度的增加,反應器去除效果顯著下降,CODcr去除率從94%降至70%,出水VFA從10mmol/L升至25mmol/L以上,出水堿度(ALK)則從102mmol/L降至60mmol/L。厭氧顆粒污泥中疏松型胞外聚合物(LB-EPS)中蛋白質(zhì)含量從油脂濃度為lg/L時的44.89mg/gVSS增加到3g/L時的71.57mg/gVSS,之后降至7g/L(R=4)時的57.16mg/gVSS;多糖含量由油脂濃度為lg/L時的23.58mg/gVSS增加到3g/L時的57.96mg/gVSS,之后降至7g/L(R=4)時的26.04mg/gVSS。且隨著油脂含量增大,EPS的三維熒光譜圖中(EEM)類胡敏酸和紫外區(qū)類富里酸物質(zhì)增多,輔酶F420吸收峰變?nèi)?表明油脂對微生物的毒害作用增強,對反應器的抑制作用明顯。(3)在氨氮的厭氧消化抑制試驗中,靜態(tài)小瓶試驗結(jié)果表明,氨氮濃度增加到1000mg/L,CODcr去除效果影響不大;對NH3-N去除影響顯著,去除率從40.6%降至7.9%。CIC反應器內(nèi)連續(xù)式厭氧消化試驗表明,氨氮濃度從500mg/L升高至1500mg/L時,CODcr的去除率從90%降至76%,NH3-N從20%降至6%左右。隨著氨氮濃度升高,LB-EPS中蛋白質(zhì)含量從38.86mg/gVSS增加到66.41mg/gVSS,多糖含量從50.34mg/gVSS增加到62.37mg/gVSS。EEM分析顯示輔酶F420吸收峰逐漸消失,而傅里葉紅外譜圖(FTIR)中苯環(huán)有毒物質(zhì)增加,表明隨著進水氨氮濃度的增加,反應器的去除效果顯著降低,氨氮對反應器內(nèi)微生物產(chǎn)生一定的毒害作用,微生物活性受到抑制。(4)在抑制恢復性措施研究中,分別采取增大內(nèi)循環(huán)與投加生物質(zhì)炭的措施緩解氨氮及油脂對CIC反應器處理效果的影響。結(jié)果顯示,在油脂的抑制恢復試驗中,進水油脂濃度為3g/L時,增大回流比可將反應器的去除效果回升至初始狀態(tài);但當進水油脂濃度升至7g/L時,增大回流比至R=4仍難以將反應器的運行性能恢復,CODcr的去除率只能回升至70%左右,出水VFA仍在25mmol/L以上。在氨氮的抑制恢復試驗中,在進水氨氮濃度為1500mg/L時投加生物質(zhì)炭,CODcr去除率從76%升至90%,NH3-N去除率從6%上升至18%。厭氧顆粒污泥的特性分析表明,LB-EPS中蛋白質(zhì)含量增加到75.64mg/gVSS,多糖含量提高至68.16mg/gVSS;紫外-可見光譜顯示多糖和蛋白吸收峰變強,EEM譜圖分析顯示輔酶F420吸收峰重新出現(xiàn),FTIR譜圖顯示代表多糖和蛋白質(zhì)的官能團吸收峰變強,說明投加生物質(zhì)炭后,厭氧顆粒污泥性能得到顯著改善,產(chǎn)甲烷菌活性提高,較好地緩解了氨氮對反應器的抑制作用。(5)高通量測序結(jié)果表明,在油脂的厭氧消化抑制試驗過程中,油脂濃度為3g/L且回流比為2條件下,CIC反應器內(nèi)的微生物Chaol與香農(nóng)指數(shù)最高,在油脂濃度7g/L時最低;古細菌的群落結(jié)構(gòu)分析中,3g/L條件下和7g/L條件下微生物結(jié)構(gòu)最接近,油脂濃度從 1g/L 增加到 7g/L,Methanobaacteriaceae 從 57.21%降低至 34.4%;對總細菌而言,1g/L條件下和3g/L條件下的群落結(jié)構(gòu)最相似,其中主要為擬桿菌門(Bacteroidetes),其比例隨著油脂濃度增加而增大,從1g/L時的29.42%增至7g/L時的52.08%,說明其能較好適應高濃度油脂環(huán)境。在氨氮的厭氧消化抑制試驗過程中,進水氨氮濃度為1500mg/L未投加生物質(zhì)炭時微生物物種多樣性程度最低,投加生物質(zhì)炭后最高。氨氮濃度增大到1500mg/L,反應器內(nèi)古細菌中Methanobacteriaceae由66.3%下降至30.9%,而Methanotrichaceae從32.31%升至46.84%,可推斷出Methanobacteriaceae對氨氮較為敏感,Methanotrichaceae則可以適應高濃度的氨氮;對總細菌而言,氨氮濃度增加到1500mg/L,未分類菌從46.2%降至16.1%,而梭菌目(Clostridiales)從2.47%升至28.4%,乳酸桿菌目(Lactobacillales)從0.11%升至27.62%。投加生物質(zhì)炭后反應器內(nèi)古細菌中Methanotrichaceaae從62.92%降至 46.84%,Methaanobacteriaceae 從 30.9%降至 17.9%,而 Methanoregulaceae 從 4.83%上升至17.09%;總細菌中未分類菌、梭菌目和乳酸桿菌目三種菌群所占的比例下降,擬桿菌目和厭氧繩菌目所占比例升高。
[Abstract]:With the development of the national economy, the amount of food waste in China increased year by year; at the same time, environmental protection requirements continue to increase, the processing of food waste has become a hot topic of research. According to the characteristics of food waste, anaerobic digestion technology has obvious advantages, but the inhibitory effect of containing high concentration of ammonia nitrogen and oil is a difficulty the anaerobic biological treatment, and the inhibition mechanism is still controversial. This study will be designed independently controllable internal circulation anaerobic reactor (CIC) for the treatment of food waste, discusses the treatment efficiency of the reactor can be optimized and the process parameters, and through the static test and vial continuous anaerobic reactor the digestive experiment, effects of different oil and ammonia concentration on CIC anaerobic reactor treatment efficiency and recovery measures were studied, and the systematic analysis of the reactor of anaerobic granular sludge treatment Chemical properties and microbial community succession, draw the following conclusions: (1) study on the performance and optimization of process parameters of the reactor. The hydraulic retention time, temperature and reflux ratio on the treatment effect of CIC anaerobic reactor, through the single factor test and the corresponding control combined with the future engineering application, determine the optimum operation the parameters of the CIC anaerobic reactor for the treatment of food waste water: CODcr=5000mg/L, hydraulic retention time HRT=16h, temperature T=25, reflux ratio of R=3. in this condition, the effluent CODcr was about 650mg/L, the CODcr removal rate is above 87%, the operation status of CIC anaerobic reactor. (2) in anaerobic digestion of fat suppression test. Through the static vial test showed that when the oil concentration is 2g/L, the removal effect of anaerobic system began to be restrained, with the increase of oil concentration, the inhibitory effect is more obvious, the removal rate of CODcr From 94% to 27%; the effluent volatile fatty acid (VFA) content increased from 5mmol/L to 9mmol/L.CIC in the reactor continuous anaerobic digestion test showed that the oil inlet concentration of 3g/L inhibited, along with the increase of influent oil concentration, removal efficiency of the reactor decreased significantly, CODcr removal rate decreased from 94% to 70%, the effluent VFA from 10mmol/L above 25mmol/L, the effluent alkalinity (ALK) from 102mmol/L to 60mmol/L. in anaerobic granular sludge loose type of extracellular polymers (LB-EPS) protein content from the oil when the concentration of lg/L 44.89mg/gVSS increased to 3g/L 71.57mg/gVSS, then to 7g/L (R=4) is 57.16mg/gVSS; the content of Polysaccharide by lipid concentration of lg/L 23.58mg/gVSS increased to 3g/L 57.96mg/gVSS, then to 7g/L (R=4) of the 26.04mg/gVSS. and with the oil content increased, the three-dimensional fluorescence spectrum of EPS (EEM) in the class of Hu Min acid and ultraviolet rich compounds In the acid substances increased, coenzyme F420 absorption peaks become weak, showed that the grease on the toxicity of microbes increased, inhibition of the reactor is obvious. (3) in anaerobic ammonia inhibition test, static flask test results showed that the ammonia concentration increased to 1000mg/L, CODcr removal has little effect on NH3-N removal significantly; effect of removal rate from 40.6% to 7.9%.CIC in the reactor continuous anaerobic digestion test showed that the ammonia concentration increased from 500mg/L to 1500mg/L, the removal rate of CODcr from 90% to 76%, NH3-N from 20% to 6%. With the ammonia concentration was increased, the protein content in LB-EPS increased from 38.86mg/gVSS to 66.41mg/gVSS, the content of Polysaccharide from 50.34mg/gVSS increase to 62.37mg/gVSS.EEM analysis showed that coenzyme F420 absorption peak gradually disappeared, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in benzene toxic substances increased, showed that with the increase of influent ammonia concentration, anti The effect should be removed is significantly reduced, ammonia nitrogen produced a toxic effect on microbes in the reactor, microbial activity was inhibited. (4) in the inhibition of recovery measures were taken in the study, increasing circulation and adding biochar measures to alleviate the effects of ammonia and grease on the CIC reactor. The results showed that the treatment effect in the oil recovery, inhibition test, water oil concentration is 3g/L, the reflux ratio will increase the removal efficiency of reactor recovered to the initial state; but when the influent oil concentration to 7g/L, increasing the reflux ratio to R=4 is still difficult to reverse the performance should be restored, the removal rate of CODcr can be increased to about 70% still, the effluent VFA above 25mmol/L. Recovery in ammonia inhibition test, the influent ammonia concentration was 1500mg/L adding biomass charcoal, the removal rate of CODcr increased from 76% to 90%, the removal rate of NH3-N increased from 6% to 18%. anaerobic heart Analysis shows that the characteristics of granular sludge, the protein content in LB-EPS increased to 75.64mg/gVSS, increase the content of polysaccharide to 68.16mg/gVSS; UV Vis spectra showed absorption peak of polysaccharide and protein strong EEM spectra analysis showed that coenzyme F420 absorption peak appears again, the FTIR spectra showed that the functional groups on behalf of polysaccharide and protein absorption peaks become strong that, adding the biomass carbon after anaerobic granular sludge performance can be improved significantly, improve the methanogenic activity, better alleviate the inhibitory effect of ammonia on the reactor. (5) Gao Tongliang sequencing results showed that the inhibition of anaerobic digestion of fat during the test, the oil concentration is 3g/L and reflux ratio of 2 conditions. Microbial Chaol and Shannon index of CIC reactor, the highest, lowest in oil concentration 7g/L; analysis of community structure of archaea, under the conditions of 3g/L and 7g/L under the condition of microbial structure to the oil concentration from 1g/L To 7g/L, Methanobaacteriaceae decreased from 57.21% to 34.4%; the total bacterial community structure, under the condition of 1g/L and 3g/L under the condition of the most similar, mainly for the Bacteroidetes (Bacteroidetes), the ratio increases with the increase of oil concentration, from 1g/L 29.42% to 7g/L 52.08% increase, the better to adapt to the high concentration of oil in anaerobic environment. Inhibition of ammonia during the experiment, the influent ammonia concentration was 1500mg/L without adding biochar when microbial species diversity and the lowest level of adding biochar. The highest ammonia concentration increased to 1500mg/L, the reactor of ancient bacteria Methanobacteriaceae decreased from 66.3% to 30.9%, and from 32.31% to Methanotrichaceae 46.84%, can be inferred that Methanobacteriaceae is sensitive to ammonia, Methanotrichaceae can adapt to the high concentration of ammonia; the total bacteria, ammonia concentration Unclassified bacteria increased to 1500mg/L, fell from 46.2% to 16.1%, and clostridiales (Clostridiales) from 2.47% to 28.4%, Lactobacillus orders (Lactobacillales) from 0.11% to 27.62%. after adding biochar Methanotrichaceaae reactor of ancient bacteria from 62.92% to 46.84%, Methaanobacteriaceae from 30.9% to 17.9%, while the Methanoregulaceae increased from 4.83% to 17.09%; bacteria unclassified total bacteria, which accounted for clostridiales and Lactobacillus. Three kinds of bacteria decreased the proportion of Bacteroides and anaerobic bacteria increased the proportion of rope mesh.

【學位授予單位】：廣西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X799

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