發(fā)布時間：2018-03-13 06:27

  本文選題：綠色出行　切入點：機動車污染　出處：《浙江大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：近些年,機動車污染物排放增加與大氣環(huán)境質(zhì)量下降之間的矛盾日漸突出。綠色出行提倡使用污染小、能耗低的交通工具,一定程度上能夠緩解機動車與大氣環(huán)境的矛盾。因此,發(fā)展綠色交通,鼓勵綠色出行尤為重要。本文通過道路實際測試獲取寧夏回族自治區(qū)典型城市道路車流量、車輛構(gòu)成、車輛行駛特征等數(shù)據(jù),采用IVE模型計算機動車污染物排放因子并對其進行修正,建立寧夏回族自治區(qū)各城市及整個區(qū)域的機動車污染排放清單;運用ArcGIS軟件、Surfer軟件進一步對銀川市和吳忠市機動車污染空間分布特點進行分析;結(jié)合機動車污染現(xiàn)狀特點,選取三種不同綠色出行措施,按基準和低碳兩種發(fā)展情景預測2030年寧夏回族自治區(qū)城市內(nèi)機動化出行污染排放量,分析綠色出行措施對機動車污染減排效果,進而提出該區(qū)域城市綠色出行策略建議。研究結(jié)果表明,2014年寧夏回族自治區(qū)城市機動車CO2、CO、NOx、HC、PM、N2O、CH4排放量分別為2352.62萬噸、39.87萬噸、26.30萬噸、5.84萬噸、1.20萬噸、0.29萬噸、0.15萬噸,機動車污染主要來自重型貨車和乘用車。銀川市、吳忠市機動車污染空間分布顯示,污染主要集中在城市中心、西北和東部區(qū)域。預測結(jié)果顯示,基準情景下,2030年寧夏回族自治區(qū)城市機動車CO2、CO、NOx、HC、PM排放量分別為6572.91萬噸、105.14萬噸、60.79萬噸、14.10萬噸、2.75萬噸。低碳情景下,采取結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整措施,機動車各污染物排放量分別下降29.18%、26.55%、33.11%、31.06%和33.19%;在此基礎(chǔ)上,采取能源替代措施,CO2、CO、NOx、HC和PM排放量進一步下降3.18%、3.39%、2.10%、2.56%、2.13%;采取機動車準入條件提高措施,各污染物排放量繼續(xù)下降0.42%、0.60%、0.49%、0.54%和0.54%。三種綠色出行措施綜合作用,2030年寧夏回族自治區(qū)城市機動車CO2、CO、NOx、HC、PM排放量分別下降32.78%、30.54%、35.70%、34.17%、35.86%。其中,結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整措施對由車輛數(shù)增加產(chǎn)生的污染物量的削減力度最大,各污染物的削減量占結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整措施總削減量的65%以上;且對貨車污染削減效果最顯著,各污染物的削減比例均在55%以上;其次是乘用車,削減比例最大達到40.38%。因此,可從結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、新能源替代、提高機動車準入條件三方面著手,削減寧夏回族自治區(qū)城市機動車污染排放,促進綠色出行發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the contradiction between the increase of vehicle pollutant emission and the decline of atmospheric environmental quality has become increasingly prominent. Green travel advocates the use of vehicles with low pollution and low energy consumption. To some extent, it can alleviate the contradiction between motor vehicle and atmosphere environment. Therefore, it is very important to develop green traffic and encourage green travel. Using IVE model to calculate vehicle pollutant emission factor and revise it to establish the vehicle emission inventory of the cities of Ningxia Hui Autonomous region and the whole region. The spatial distribution characteristics of motor vehicle pollution in Yinchuan and Wuzhong are further analyzed by using ArcGIS software, and three different green travel measures are selected according to the characteristics of motor vehicle pollution. In 2030, according to the two development scenarios of benchmark and low carbon, the emission of motorized travel in Ningxia Hui Autonomous region was predicted, and the effect of green travel measures on the emission reduction of motor vehicle pollution was analyzed. The research results show that in 2014, the emission of motor vehicle CO2CO2CO2COOXNOXHCON2ON2ON2O-CH4 was twenty-three million five hundred and twenty-six thousand and two hundred tons, 398,700 tons, 263,000 tons, 58,400 tons, 12,000 tons, 2,900 tons and 1,500 tons, respectively, in the cities of Ningxia Hui Autonomous region, and the results showed that the emission of CH4 was twenty-three million five hundred and twenty-six thousand and two hundred tons, 398,700 tons, 263,000 tons, 58,400 tons, 12,000 tons, 2,900 tons and 1,500 tons, respectively. Motor vehicle pollution mainly comes from heavy trucks and passenger cars. The spatial distribution of motor vehicle pollution in Yinchuan and Wuzhong shows that the pollution is mainly concentrated in the urban center, northwest and eastern regions. Under the benchmark scenario, in 2030, the emission of HCPM from motor vehicle CO2CO2COONXN in the cities of Ningxia Hui Autonomous region was sixty-five million seven hundred and twenty-nine thousand and one hundred tons, one million fifty-one thousand and four hundred tons, 607,900 tons, 141,000 tons and 27,500 tons respectively. Under the low carbon scenario, structural adjustment measures were adopted. The emissions of various pollutants from motor vehicles decreased 29.18% and 26.55%, respectively, and 33.11% and 33.19%, respectively. On this basis, the amount of CO _ 2CO _ 2, CO _ 2, no _ x _ C _ HC and PM was further reduced by 3.18% and 3.39% ~ 2.10% ~ 2.56%; and measures were taken to improve the access conditions of motor vehicles, The discharge of each pollutant continues to decrease by 0.42% 0.60% and 0.54% and 0.54%, respectively. In 2030, the HCPM emissions of motor vehicles CO2CO2, CO2, CO2, CO2, NOxN, and HCPM of motor vehicles in the cities of Ningxia Hui Autonomous region decreased by 32.78, 30.54, and 34.17 to 35.86, respectively. Of these, Structural adjustment measures have the greatest effect on reducing the amount of pollutants produced by the increase in the number of vehicles, and the reduction of each pollutant amount accounts for more than 65% of the total reduction amount of the structural adjustment measures, and the effect on the reduction of freight car pollution is the most obvious. The reduction rates of each pollutant are above 55%, followed by passenger cars, with a maximum reduction ratio of 40.38.Therefore, we can start from three aspects: structural adjustment, new energy substitution, and improvement of access conditions for motor vehicles. Reduce urban motor vehicle pollution emissions in Ningxia Hui Autonomous region, promote green travel development.
【學位授予單位】：浙江大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X734.2

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