本文選題：生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康　切入點(diǎn)：流域　出處：《浙江大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：流域是人類(lèi)與其他動(dòng)植物生活的重要來(lái)源,在我國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的過(guò)程中,流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的好壞已經(jīng)躍居成不可忽視的制約因素。通過(guò)對(duì)楠溪江流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),旨在為楠溪江流域的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展和環(huán)境的協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供科學(xué)的決策依據(jù)。首先,結(jié)合RS與GIS技術(shù),對(duì)楠溪江流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)構(gòu)成現(xiàn)狀及類(lèi)型變化進(jìn)行分析,并參考環(huán)保部《流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康評(píng)價(jià)技術(shù)指南》,構(gòu)建了陸域和水域的評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系,其中,陸域包括陸域生態(tài)格局、陸域生態(tài)功能和陸域生態(tài)壓力共三類(lèi)九項(xiàng)指標(biāo),水域包括水域生境結(jié)構(gòu)、水生生物和水域生態(tài)壓力共三類(lèi)七項(xiàng)指標(biāo),對(duì)楠溪江流域18個(gè)評(píng)價(jià)單元進(jìn)行生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康評(píng)價(jià),并分析流域存在的主要問(wèn)題。研究結(jié)論包括:①2014年,楠溪江流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)以森林為主,所占比例為82.99%,其次是農(nóng)田、城鎮(zhèn)、濕地類(lèi)型,所占比例分別為7.96%、4.90%和3.43%。②2000-2014年,楠溪江流域農(nóng)田-森林和農(nóng)田-城鎮(zhèn)轉(zhuǎn)移面積分別為59.35km~2和42.14km~2,兩者合計(jì)占生態(tài)系統(tǒng)轉(zhuǎn)換總面積的56.29%,生態(tài)系統(tǒng)類(lèi)型轉(zhuǎn)換主要發(fā)生在農(nóng)田、森林和城鎮(zhèn)之間。十四年間,楠溪江流域城鎮(zhèn)的擴(kuò)展主要是侵占農(nóng)田,其次是灌叢和草地。③楠溪江流域陸域生態(tài)健康得分75.82,處于良好水平。其中,評(píng)分優(yōu)秀的評(píng)價(jià)單元1個(gè),占流域面積的21.67%,為巖坦鎮(zhèn),評(píng)分良好的評(píng)價(jià)單元15個(gè),占流域面積的76.83%,評(píng)分一般的評(píng)價(jià)單元2個(gè),為東甌街道和江北街道,占流域面積的1.50%。④在陸域生態(tài)健康狀況評(píng)估的9項(xiàng)指標(biāo)中,楠溪江流域的森林覆蓋率、景觀破碎度、重要生境保持率、水源涵養(yǎng)保持功能、土壤保持功能、建設(shè)面積比例和受保護(hù)區(qū)面積比例等7項(xiàng)指標(biāo)均處于良好及以上水平,陸域生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)較好,點(diǎn)源、面源污染負(fù)荷指標(biāo)處于一般水平。⑤楠溪江流域水域生態(tài)健康得分為60.51分,處于良好水平。在水域生態(tài)健康狀況評(píng)估的7項(xiàng)指標(biāo)中,水資源開(kāi)發(fā)利用強(qiáng)度、枯水期徑流量占同期年均徑流量比例兩項(xiàng)指標(biāo)評(píng)價(jià)為優(yōu)秀,水質(zhì)達(dá)標(biāo)率、魚(yú)類(lèi)物種多樣性?xún)身?xiàng)指標(biāo)評(píng)價(jià)為良好,水生生境干擾指數(shù)、特有性物種保持率兩項(xiàng)指標(biāo)評(píng)價(jià)為一般,河道流通性指標(biāo)評(píng)價(jià)為差。⑥ 楠溪江流域生態(tài)健康綜合評(píng)估得分為69.70分,處于良好水平。其中,評(píng)價(jià)為良好的評(píng)估單元個(gè)數(shù)為16個(gè),占流域面積的98.50%,評(píng)價(jià)為一般的評(píng)估單元兩個(gè),為東甌街道和江北街道,限制因子主要為森林覆蓋率和不透水面積比例。⑦流域存在的主要問(wèn)題包括:城鎮(zhèn)用地面積快速增長(zhǎng),農(nóng)田、草地、灌叢等生態(tài)系統(tǒng)持續(xù)退化,生態(tài)系統(tǒng)穩(wěn)定性降低;總體水質(zhì)狀況不容樂(lè)觀;河道連通性較差等。
[Abstract]:Watershed is an important source of life for human beings and other animals and plants. In the process of sustainable social and economic development in China, The quality of the watershed ecosystem has become a constraint that can not be ignored. Through the evaluation of the ecosystem health of the Nanxi River Basin, The purpose of this paper is to provide scientific decision-making basis for the coordinated and sustainable development of economy and environment in Nanxi River Basin. Firstly, combining RS and GIS technology, the present situation and type change of ecosystem composition in Nanxi River Basin are analyzed. The evaluation index system of land area and water area is constructed with reference to the technical guide of watershed ecosystem health assessment of the Ministry of Environmental Protection. Among them, the land area includes three types of indicators, namely, land ecological pattern, land ecological function and land ecological pressure, among which there are nine indexes, including land ecological pattern, land ecological function and land ecological pressure. The water body, including the habitat structure of water, aquatic organisms and ecological pressure of the waters, were used to evaluate the ecosystem health of 18 evaluation units in Nanxi River Basin. The main problems in the basin were analyzed. The conclusions of the study include: 12014, Forest is the main ecosystem in Nanxi River basin, the proportion is 82.99, followed by farmland, town and wetland type, the proportion is 7.964.90% and 3.430.22000-2014, respectively. The farmland forest and farmland town transfer areas in Nanxi River Basin are 59.35kmm2 and 42.14kmm2, respectively, which together account for 56.29km of the total ecosystem conversion area. The ecosystem type conversion mainly occurs between farmland, forest and town during 14 years. The expansion of cities and towns in Nanxi River Basin is mainly to encroach on farmland, followed by thickets and grassland. 3 Nanxi River basin land ecological health score is 75.82, which is at a good level, among which, there is one evaluation unit with excellent score, accounting for 21.67 percent of the basin area, which is Yantan Town. There were 15 evaluation units with good score, which accounted for 76.83 of the basin area, and two general evaluation units, including Dongou street and Jiangbei street, which accounted for 1.50.4 of the basin area in 9 indicators of land ecological health assessment. The forest coverage, landscape fragmentation, important habitat conservation rate, water conservation function, soil conservation function, construction area ratio and protected area ratio of Nanxi River Basin are all in good or above level. The pollution load index of point source and non-point source is at general level. 5. The ecological health score of Nanxi river basin is 60.51, and it is in good level. The intensity of water resources exploitation and utilization, the proportion of runoff to average annual runoff in the dry season were excellent, the water quality was up to the standard, the fish species diversity was good, and the disturbance index of aquatic habitat was good. The evaluation of two indexes of endemic species conservation rate was general, and that of river channel fluidity index was 69.70 points for comprehensive assessment of ecological health in Nanxi River basin, which was at a good level, among which the number of evaluation units was 16. It accounts for 98.50 of the basin area. It is evaluated as two general assessment units, two streets in Dongou and the streets in the north of the Yangtze River. The limiting factors are mainly forest coverage and impermeable area. The main problems in the basin include the rapid growth of urban land area. Farmland, grassland, thickets and other ecosystems continue to degenerate, ecosystem stability is reduced, the overall water quality is not optimistic, river connectivity is poor, and so on.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X826

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