本文選題：放射工作人員　切入點：個人劑量　出處：《青島大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：研究目的通過分析2013-2016年青島市嶗山區(qū)社區(qū)醫(yī)療機構(gòu)放射工作人員個人劑量監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù),正確評價該地區(qū)社區(qū)醫(yī)療機構(gòu)放射工作人員職業(yè)危害及防護效果,為進一步鞏固本地區(qū)個人劑量監(jiān)測工作,加強放射防護科學管理、優(yōu)化放射防護措施提供對策及依據(jù)。研究方法選擇2013-2016年間在嶗山區(qū)社區(qū)醫(yī)療機構(gòu)工作的放射工作人員為研究對象,按照《職業(yè)性外照射個人監(jiān)測規(guī)范》(GBZ 128-2002)的要求,采用氟化鋰Li F(Mg,Cu,P)熱釋光個人劑量計(TLD)為探測器進行外照射個人劑量監(jiān)測,監(jiān)測周期為三個月(90天)。按照崗位不同,將研究對象分為放射診斷、放射技術(shù)、登記導診工作人員三組。對比、分析三組放射工作人員在2013-2016年間的外照射個人劑量監(jiān)測數(shù)據(jù)的差異;將安裝CT后嶗山區(qū)社區(qū)醫(yī)療機構(gòu)放射工作人員個人劑量與未安裝CT時相比較,分析CT進入社區(qū)醫(yī)療機構(gòu)后對服務(wù)基層社區(qū)的放射工作人員的個人劑量是否有影響。利用所得數(shù)據(jù)建立數(shù)據(jù)庫,錄入個人劑量資料,采用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計學軟件對上述數(shù)據(jù)進行統(tǒng)計學處理并依據(jù)國家有關(guān)法律法規(guī)和技術(shù)標準進行對比、評價。多組獨立樣本比較用單因素方差分析(F檢驗),其中各組之間的兩兩比較采用LSD-t檢驗,以P0.05,認為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義;安裝CT后嶗山區(qū)社區(qū)醫(yī)療機構(gòu)放射工作人員個人劑量與未安裝CT之間的比較,采用T檢驗,α=0.05,P0.05,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。結(jié)果2013-2016年青島市嶗山區(qū)放射工作人員的人均年有效劑量為0.143 m Sv/a,均遠低于國家規(guī)定的公眾年計量限值(1 m Sv/a),且人均年有效劑量穩(wěn)定在較低水平;三組不同崗位放射工作人員的人均年有效劑量分別是0.083、0.117、0.216 m Sv/a,采用單因素方差分析,F=6.663,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P=0.017);三組之間的兩兩比較采用LSD-t檢驗,放射技術(shù)與放射診斷工作人員均高于登記導診工作人員,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P0.05),放射技術(shù)與放射診斷工作人員相比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P0.05)。結(jié)論連續(xù)四年的監(jiān)測結(jié)果顯示人均年有效劑量均低于1 m Sv/a,嶗山區(qū)社區(qū)醫(yī)療機構(gòu)放射工作人員的個人劑量水平較低,符合國家的相關(guān)標準和規(guī)定,同時自2016年嶗山區(qū)第一臺CT裝機以后,轄區(qū)內(nèi)社區(qū)醫(yī)療機構(gòu)放射工作人員的人均年有效劑量水平依舊維持在較低水平,未出現(xiàn)大幅度增長,說明相應(yīng)嶗山區(qū)社區(qū)醫(yī)療機構(gòu)的放射工作環(huán)境安全、可靠;不同崗位放射工作人員的個人劑量存在一定差異,其中放射技術(shù)工作人員的人均年有效劑量最高,應(yīng)給予重點監(jiān)測。同時加強放射法規(guī)和防護知識的培訓,提高職業(yè)防護與職業(yè)健康意識,努力保證放射工作人員個人劑量維持在低水平,可以有效減少電離輻射對醫(yī)護人員的傷害。
[Abstract]:Objective to evaluate the occupational hazards and protective effects of radiation workers of community medical institutions in Laoshan district of Qingdao from 2013 to 2016 by analyzing the personal dose monitoring data of radiation workers. In order to further consolidate the work of individual dose monitoring in the region and strengthen the scientific management of radiation protection, Methods Radiological workers working in community medical institutions in Laoshan district from 2013 to 2016 were selected as the research objects, according to the requirements of GBZ 128-2002). The TLDs were used as detectors to monitor the individual dose of external irradiation. The monitoring period was 90 days after three months. According to the different positions, the subjects were divided into two groups: diagnostic radiation and radiation technology. Three groups of registered guided workers. The differences of personal dose monitoring data of external exposure of three groups of radiation workers during 2013-2016 were analyzed. The personal dose of radiation workers in Laoshan district community medical institutions after CT was compared with that when CT was not installed. This paper analyzes whether CT has an effect on the personal dose of radiation workers serving grass-roots communities after entering community medical institutions. The data obtained are used to set up a database and input personal dose data. Statistical software SPSS 19.0 was used to process the above data and compare them according to the relevant national laws and regulations and technical standards. Evaluation. Single factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used in the comparison of multiple independent samples, in which the pairwise comparison of each group was performed with LSD-t test (P0.05), and the difference was statistically significant. The comparison between the individual dose of radiation workers in Laoshan district community medical institutions and the non-CT after CT was installed. Using T test, the difference was statistically significant. Results the average annual effective dose of radiation workers in Laoshan District of Qingdao City from 2013 to 2016 was 0.143 m SvP / a, which was far lower than the public annual measurement limit of 1 m SvP / a, and the annual effective dose per capita was lower than 1 m Sv / a per capita. Stable at a lower level; The average annual effective dose of radiation workers in the three groups was 0.083 ~ 0.117 ~ 0.216 m / a, respectively. The single factor analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used, and the difference was statistically significant (P = 0.017). The comparison between the three groups was performed by LSD-t test. The radiology technique and the radiologic diagnosis staff were higher than those of the registered guide workers, and the difference was statistically significant (P 0.05). The radiology technology was compared with the radiation diagnosis staff. Conclusion the results of monitoring for four consecutive years showed that the annual effective dose per person was lower than 1 m Sv / a, and the personal dose level of radiation workers in Laoshan community medical institution was lower, which was in accordance with the relevant national standards and regulations. At the same time, since 2016, when the first CT machine was installed in Laoshan District, the per capita annual effective dose level of radiation workers in community medical institutions in the jurisdiction has remained at a relatively low level, with no significant increase. The results show that the radiation working environment of the community medical institutions in Laoshan district is safe and reliable, and the personal dose of radiation workers in different positions is different, among which, the annual effective dose per person of radiation technical staff is the highest. Emphasis should be placed on monitoring. At the same time, the training of radiation regulations and protective knowledge should be strengthened, the awareness of occupational protection and occupational health should be raised, and efforts should be made to ensure that the personal doses of radiation workers are maintained at a low level. It can effectively reduce the injury to medical staff caused by ionizing radiation.
【學位授予單位】：青島大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：R144

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