本文選題：對羥基苯甲酸酯類化合物　切入點：污染調查　出處：《合肥工業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：對羥基苯甲酸酯類化合物作為防腐殺菌劑被廣泛應用,由于大量使用,現(xiàn)已在地表水、地下水、飲用水、污水、空氣、灰塵及土壤等中檢測到,尤其在水體環(huán)境中污染更嚴重,對水體環(huán)境安全造成了嚴重的威脅。本文調查了幾類水體:湖泊水、河流水、地下水和自來水中對羥基苯甲酸酯類化合物的污染現(xiàn)狀,并研究了次氯酸鈉和二氧化氯工藝對對羥基苯甲酸酯類化合物的降解動力學、影響去除效果的主要因素和降解機理。調查了幾類水體中對羥基苯甲酸酯的污染現(xiàn)狀。在湖泊水樣中對羥基苯甲酸酯類化合物總量較低,地下水中該類藥物濃度較大,介于51.59-77.70 ng/L,其主要來源于生活污水。地表河流中對羥基苯甲酸酯類化合物濃度范圍為18.13-42.47ng/L,其主要來源為污水處理廠;在自來水中也檢測到了該類藥物的存在,表明給水處理廠對其去除效果有限,需探求有效的方法處理對羥基苯甲酸酯類化合物。研究了次氯酸鈉對四種對羥基苯甲酸酯的去除效果與機理。在pH=7.0,溫度為25±1℃條件下,對羥基苯甲酸甲酯(MeP)、對羥基苯甲酸乙酯(EtP)、對羥基苯甲酸丙酯(PrP)和對羥基苯甲酸丁酯(BuP)與次氯酸鈉的反應級數(shù)分別為1.614,2.019,1.851和1.860。隨著pH值的增加,對羥基苯甲酸酯的反應常數(shù)先增加后減小;隨著溫度的增加,反應常數(shù)不斷增加;加入NH4+和腐殖酸后,對羥基苯甲酸酯的氯化反應過程受到抑制。對羥基苯甲酸酯與次氯酸鈉的反應過程中,溶液的TOC幾乎未改變,礦化程度很低,通過GC-MS每種藥物分別檢測到兩種轉化產(chǎn)物;加入Br-和I-后,會大大影響轉化產(chǎn)物的種類,生成溴代和碘代產(chǎn)物。研究了二氧化氯對兩種對羥基苯甲酸酯的去除效果與機理。二氧化氯與MeP和PrP的反應符合二級動力學模型;在pH=5.0,溫度為15±1℃條件下,二級反應速率常數(shù)分別為84.3 M-1·s-1和83.2 M-1·s-1。隨著pH值和溫度的增加,對羥基苯甲酸酯的反應常數(shù)都會逐漸增大;在反應體系中加入腐殖酸后,二氧化氯與對羥基苯甲酸酯的反應過程受到抑制;加入HCO3-后會在一定程度上促進反應的發(fā)生。對羥基苯甲酸酯的去除過程中,TOC幾乎未改變,礦化程度很低;通過GC-MS技術,檢測到兩種降解產(chǎn)物,并根據(jù)降解產(chǎn)物推測出可能的降解途徑。在自然水體中二氧化氯對微量對羥基苯甲酸酯的去除效果很好,可以達到有效去除該類藥物的目的。
[Abstract]:P-hydroxybenzoate compounds are widely used as antiseptic fungicides. Due to their extensive use, they have been detected in surface water, groundwater, drinking water, sewage, air, dust and soil, especially in the water environment. This paper investigates the pollution status of p-hydroxybenzoate compounds in lake water, river water, groundwater and tap water. The degradation kinetics of p-hydroxybenzoate by sodium hypochlorite and chlorine dioxide was studied. The main factors affecting the removal efficiency and the degradation mechanism were investigated. The pollution status of p-hydroxybenzoate in several kinds of water was investigated. The total amount of p-hydroxybenzoate in lake water was lower, and the concentration of this kind of drugs in groundwater was higher. Between 51.59 and 77.70 ng / L, mainly from domestic sewage. The concentration of p-hydroxybenzoate compounds in surface rivers ranges from 18.13-42.47 ng / L, mainly from sewage treatment plants, and the presence of such drugs is also detected in tap water. The results show that the removal efficiency of p-hydroxybenzoate in feed water treatment plant is limited, and an effective method is needed to treat p-hydroxybenzoate compounds. The removal efficiency and mechanism of four p-hydroxybenzoate esters by sodium hypochlorite have been studied. Under the condition of pH = 7.0 and temperature 25 鹵1 鈩，

本文編號：1586154