本文選題：節(jié)能量交易　切入點(diǎn)：用能權(quán)交易　出處：《中國(guó)人口·資源與環(huán)境》2017年10期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：用能權(quán)是具有公私法雙重屬性的管制性財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)。用能權(quán)交易是我國(guó)推進(jìn)綠色發(fā)展的一項(xiàng)制度創(chuàng)新,對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)能耗總量和強(qiáng)度"雙控"目標(biāo)具有重要意義。用能權(quán)交易制度旨在從供給側(cè)實(shí)現(xiàn)節(jié)能降耗目標(biāo),與其并行的節(jié)能減排市場(chǎng)化機(jī)制還包括節(jié)能量交易和碳排放權(quán)交易。節(jié)能量交易與用能權(quán)交易的規(guī)制對(duì)象、規(guī)制手段、制度設(shè)計(jì)目的和約束功能相近,故兩者存在制度重復(fù)建設(shè)問(wèn)題。用能權(quán)交易和碳排放權(quán)交易的制度設(shè)計(jì)目的具有協(xié)同性、規(guī)制對(duì)象有交叉,但兩者在用能權(quán)指標(biāo)和碳排放配額初始分配、履約等方面存在制度銜接不暢問(wèn)題。通過(guò)法學(xué)和制度經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析,對(duì)用能權(quán)交易、節(jié)能量交易和碳排放權(quán)交易的制度整合與重構(gòu)提出了建議。中國(guó)應(yīng)當(dāng)取消目標(biāo)節(jié)能量交易制度,并以核定用能權(quán)交易取代項(xiàng)目節(jié)能量交易。用能權(quán)交易和碳排放權(quán)交易的制度銜接層面,應(yīng)當(dāng)打通用能權(quán)交易體系和碳排放權(quán)交易體系,建立聯(lián)合履約機(jī)制,即允許用能單位或排放單位在滿足一定條件的情況下使用用能權(quán)指標(biāo)、核定用能權(quán)、碳排放配額或核證減排量履約。用能權(quán)指標(biāo)與碳排放配額在履約方面的銜接機(jī)制重點(diǎn)在于一級(jí)市場(chǎng)的對(duì)接。用能權(quán)的初始分配僅僅是為重點(diǎn)用能單位設(shè)定節(jié)能義務(wù)的過(guò)程,應(yīng)當(dāng)以公平為原則,并且采取免費(fèi)分配的方式。相對(duì)于用能權(quán)交易制度,碳排放權(quán)交易制度則是為了控制排放單位對(duì)碳排放空間這一資源的過(guò)度利用。因此,在碳排放配額初始分配環(huán)節(jié),政府應(yīng)當(dāng)通過(guò)有償分配的方式以實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家對(duì)碳排放空間這一稀缺資源的所有者權(quán)益。建立核定用能權(quán)和核證減排量的聯(lián)合履約機(jī)制,既允許用能單位購(gòu)買核證減排量抵消其超額耗能,也允許排放單位購(gòu)買核定用能權(quán)以抵消其超額排放,并對(duì)抵消比例設(shè)定限制。
[Abstract]:Energy use right is a kind of regulatory property right with the dual attributes of public and private law. The transaction of energy use right is a system innovation to promote green development in China. It is of great significance to achieve the goal of "double control" of total energy consumption and intensity. The purpose of energy use right trading system is to achieve the goal of energy saving and consumption reduction from the supply side. The parallel market-oriented mechanism of energy saving and emission reduction also includes energy saving trading and carbon emission trading. The regulation object, regulation means, system design purpose and restriction function of energy saving trading and energy use right trading are similar. Therefore, there is the problem of system duplicate construction between the two systems. The purpose of system design of energy use right trading and carbon emission trading is synergistic, and the regulatory objects are intersected, but they are in the initial allocation of energy use right index and carbon emission quota. Through the analysis of law and institution economics, the transaction of energy use right, The integration and reconfiguration of energy saving trading and carbon emissions trading systems are proposed. China should abolish the target energy saving trading system. And replace the energy saving trading with the approved energy use right trading. The system convergence level of energy use right trading and carbon emission trading should be set up, and the joint implementation mechanism should be established, and the general energy rights trading system and the carbon emission rights trading system should be set up. That is to say, energy use units or emission units are allowed to use energy use rights indicators and approve energy use rights if certain conditions are met, Compliance with carbon emission quotas or certified emission reductions. The convergence mechanism between energy use rights and carbon emission quotas focuses on the interface of the primary market. The initial allocation of energy use rights is only a process of setting energy efficiency obligations for priority energy use units, It should be based on the principle of equity and be distributed free of charge. In contrast to the energy use trading system, the carbon emissions trading system is designed to control the excessive use of carbon space as a resource by emitters. In the initial allocation of carbon emission quotas, governments should achieve the ownership equity of carbon space, a scarce resource, by means of paid allocation, and establish joint implementation mechanisms for approved energy use rights and certified emission reductions, It allows energy use units to buy certified emission reductions to offset their excess energy consumption, and also allows emission units to purchase approved energy use rights to offset their excess emissions, and sets limits on the offsetting ratio.
【作者單位】： 中國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)人文與發(fā)展學(xué)院;
【基金】：國(guó)家社科基金青年項(xiàng)目“碳金融市場(chǎng)的國(guó)家干預(yù)法律機(jī)制研究”(批準(zhǔn)號(hào):13CFX097)
【分類號(hào)】：F206;X196
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本文編號(hào)：1575872