本文選題：農(nóng)業(yè)景觀　切入點：生物多樣性保護(hù)　出處：《中國生態(tài)農(nóng)業(yè)學(xué)報》2017年07期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：研究表明,農(nóng)業(yè)集約化生產(chǎn)和農(nóng)業(yè)景觀均質(zhì)化導(dǎo)致農(nóng)業(yè)景觀生物多樣性降低,致使生物多樣性相關(guān)野生資源保護(hù)、自然授粉、害蟲調(diào)節(jié)、水土涵養(yǎng)等生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能受損,進(jìn)而影響了農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。本文對國內(nèi)外農(nóng)業(yè)景觀生物多樣性及其生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能研究和實踐進(jìn)行了綜述。分別探討了農(nóng)業(yè)景觀在生物多樣性保護(hù)、授粉服務(wù)、調(diào)節(jié)服務(wù)、水土涵養(yǎng)等多方面生態(tài)服務(wù)功能中發(fā)揮的作用及其生物多樣性保護(hù)的意義,總結(jié)了歐美在農(nóng)業(yè)景觀生物多樣性保護(hù)所采取的實踐措施,指出中國雖然在生物多樣性保護(hù)方面做出很多努力,但卻忽略了對農(nóng)業(yè)景觀的保護(hù),近些年的城市化和集約化發(fā)展都進(jìn)一步加劇了農(nóng)業(yè)景觀生物多樣性的喪失,亟需借鑒歐美國家經(jīng)驗提出我國的農(nóng)業(yè)景觀生物多樣性保護(hù)策略。我們認(rèn)為保護(hù)和提高農(nóng)業(yè)景觀生物多樣性的生態(tài)集約化對維護(hù)農(nóng)作物產(chǎn)量,改善品種具有重要的作用。農(nóng)業(yè)景觀生物多樣性保護(hù)需要從農(nóng)田生態(tài)系統(tǒng)和農(nóng)業(yè)景觀兩個尺度上開展農(nóng)業(yè)景觀綜合管理,提高農(nóng)田作物和景觀植物多樣性和異質(zhì)性,恢復(fù)和提高生物多樣性及其生態(tài)服務(wù)功能。最后,針對我國農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展面臨的問題和需求,建議從政策和法規(guī)、監(jiān)測和評估、工程技術(shù)研發(fā)、技術(shù)集成示范、生態(tài)補貼制度、培訓(xùn)和推廣等方面,開展農(nóng)業(yè)景觀生物多樣性保護(hù)。
[Abstract]:The results showed that intensive agricultural production and homogenization of agricultural landscape resulted in the decrease of biodiversity of agricultural landscape, which resulted in the loss of ecosystem services such as biodiversity related wild resources conservation, natural pollination, pest regulation, soil and water conservation, and so on. In this paper, the research and practice of agricultural landscape biodiversity and ecosystem service function at home and abroad are summarized, and the protection of biodiversity, pollination service and regulation service of agricultural landscape are discussed respectively. The function of soil and water conservation and other ecological service functions and the significance of biodiversity conservation are summarized. The practical measures taken by Europe and America in the protection of agricultural landscape biodiversity are summarized. It is pointed out that although China has made a lot of efforts in biodiversity conservation, it has neglected the protection of agricultural landscape. The urbanization and intensive development in recent years have further aggravated the loss of biodiversity in agricultural landscape. It is urgent to draw lessons from the experience of European and American countries to put forward the strategies of protecting the biodiversity of agricultural landscape in China. The conservation of agricultural landscape biodiversity requires the integrated management of agricultural landscape from the two scales of farmland ecosystem and agricultural landscape, so as to improve the diversity and heterogeneity of crop and landscape plants. Finally, in view of the problems and needs of sustainable agricultural development in China, it is suggested that policies and regulations, monitoring and evaluation, engineering technology research and development, technology integration and demonstration, Ecological subsidy system, training and promotion, and other aspects of agricultural landscape biodiversity protection.
【作者單位】： 農(nóng)業(yè)部農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)與資源保護(hù)總站;中國農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)資源與環(huán)境學(xué)院;
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(41671181) 農(nóng)業(yè)應(yīng)對氣候變化能力建設(shè)項目(2014127)資助~~
【分類號】：S181

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