本文選題：環(huán)鄱陽湖區(qū)　切入點(diǎn)：遙感　出處：《江西理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：水資源是人類的生產(chǎn)和生活必不可少的元素,與人類的關(guān)系密不可分,因此對(duì)其的研究至關(guān)重要。環(huán)鄱陽湖區(qū)不僅包含了鄱陽湖的主湖區(qū),而且包含“五大河”入湖尾閭區(qū)的廣闊區(qū)域,其中涵蓋了大量的農(nóng)田和城鎮(zhèn),研究區(qū)內(nèi)的洪澇災(zāi)害、干旱、富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化現(xiàn)象等對(duì)人類的生產(chǎn)生活影響巨大。因此對(duì)環(huán)鄱陽湖區(qū)的水域以及水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化現(xiàn)象的研究有著重要的意義。本文以環(huán)鄱陽湖區(qū)作為研究區(qū),選取1976年—2011年的MSS影像及Landsat TM影像、2009年—2016年的HJ衛(wèi)星影像和2013年-2016年的Landsat8影像為基礎(chǔ),經(jīng)過幾何校正、大氣校正、拼接、裁剪等預(yù)處理,根據(jù)各類影像的特征建立基于HJ衛(wèi)星CCD影像的水體提取模型和基于Landsat系列衛(wèi)星的水體提取模型,實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)環(huán)鄱陽湖區(qū)水體的提取,所有影像的水體提取精度均在80%以上,提取精度較高。通過對(duì)水體的年內(nèi)變化以及年際變化的研究,實(shí)現(xiàn)水體的時(shí)空變化研究,南部的軍山湖、青嵐湖、瑤湖等較大湖泊,豐水期與枯水期的面積變化不大;造成環(huán)鄱陽湖區(qū)水域面積發(fā)成變化的原因主要是人類的圍湖造田、填湖建房以及圍堰養(yǎng)魚等,同時(shí)水域面積的變化還受到降水等氣候因素的影響。在正常的年份,除了主湖區(qū)外環(huán)鄱陽湖區(qū)水域的面積總體上呈現(xiàn)減小的趨勢(shì)。通過對(duì)目前在富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化水體提取方面應(yīng)用廣泛的定量法以及水體指數(shù)法對(duì)比分析,提出適合于環(huán)鄱陽湖區(qū)的富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化水體提取模型。對(duì)5-10月份環(huán)鄱陽湖區(qū)的Landsat系列衛(wèi)星影像進(jìn)行K-T變換,依據(jù)變換后的亮度、綠度、濕度分量以及NDVI指數(shù)建立環(huán)鄱陽湖區(qū)水域的富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化提取模型,并詳細(xì)闡述了閾值選取的方法。結(jié)合環(huán)鄱陽湖區(qū)主要的水質(zhì)監(jiān)測(cè)站的水質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)提取結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)該提取結(jié)果與實(shí)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)相符,提取精度較高。對(duì)環(huán)鄱陽湖區(qū)水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)環(huán)鄱陽湖區(qū)的富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化現(xiàn)象主要集中在主湖區(qū)的南部,并且隨著水域的范圍變化,有向北部移動(dòng)的趨勢(shì),南昌市的周圍湖泊也經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化現(xiàn)象。在豐水期,康山鄉(xiāng)附近出現(xiàn)富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化現(xiàn)象的頻率也較大。環(huán)鄱陽湖區(qū)水域的富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化現(xiàn)象均在10Km2以上,面積最大時(shí)不超過25km2,整體上富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化現(xiàn)象的面積在15km2上下波動(dòng)。
[Abstract]:Water resources are essential elements of human life and production, and are closely related to human beings, so the study of water resources is very important. The Poyang Lake region contains not only the main lake area of Poyang Lake, but also the main lake area of Poyang Lake. It also includes a vast area of the "five major rivers" that enter the lake-end region, covering a large number of farmland and towns, flood and waterlogging in the study area, and drought. The phenomenon of eutrophication has a great impact on the production and life of human beings. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the eutrophication in the waters and water bodies around the Poyang Lake region. The MSS image and Landsat TM image from 1976 to 2011, HJ satellite image from 2009 to 2009 and Landsat8 image from 2009 to 2009 are selected as the basis. The images are preprocessed by geometric correction, atmospheric correction, splicing, tailoring and so on. According to the characteristics of all kinds of images, the water body extraction model based on HJ satellite CCD image and the water body extraction model based on Landsat series satellite were established to extract water body around Poyang Lake region. The water body extraction accuracy of all images was above 80%. Through the study of the annual and interannual changes of the water body, the temporal and spatial changes of the water body can be realized. The area of the southern Junshan Lake, Qinglan Lake, Yao Lake and other large lakes have little change during the periods of high water and low water. The main reasons for the changes in the area of waters around the Poyang Lake region are the human reclamation of the lake, the building of the lake and the raising of fish by cofferdam, etc. At the same time, the change of the area of the water area is also affected by climatic factors such as precipitation. In normal years, In addition to the main lake region, the area of the Poyang Lake area has a general decreasing trend. By comparing and analyzing the quantitative method and the water body index method, which are widely used in the extraction of eutrophication water at present, A eutrophication water extraction model suitable for the Poyang Lake region is proposed. The Landsat series satellite images around the Poyang Lake region in May and October are transformed by K-T transform according to the brightness and green degree of the transformed images. The eutrophication extraction model of the waters around Poyang Lake region is established by humidity component and NDVI index, and the method of selecting threshold value is expounded in detail. The extraction results are analyzed based on the water quality data of the main water quality monitoring stations in the Poyang Lake region. It is found that the extraction result is consistent with the measured data, and the extraction accuracy is high. The eutrophication phenomenon of the water body around Poyang Lake region is analyzed, and it is found that the eutrophication phenomenon in the Central Poyang Lake region is mainly concentrated in the southern part of the main lake area. And as the range of the waters changes and there is a tendency to move northward, eutrophication often occurs in lakes around Nanchang. The eutrophication phenomena in the waters around Poyang Lake area are above 10 km ~ 2, and the area of eutrophication is not more than 25 km ~ 2 when the area is the largest, and the area of eutrophication phenomenon fluctuates about 15 km ~ 2 as a whole.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：P332;X87

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