本文選題：喀斯特石漠化　切入點(diǎn)：生態(tài)資產(chǎn)評(píng)估　出處：《貴州師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：貴州喀斯特高原山區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境極其脆弱,隨著西部大開發(fā)戰(zhàn)略的實(shí)施,特別是西部生態(tài)建設(shè)目標(biāo)的提出,貴州省作為中國首批國家級(jí)生態(tài)文明試驗(yàn)區(qū),不斷重視并加強(qiáng)生態(tài)環(huán)境保護(hù)的力度,如何確定“生態(tài)問責(zé)”的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)等問題仍然需要我們進(jìn)一步深入研究。生態(tài)資產(chǎn)評(píng)估是通過研究區(qū)域的生態(tài)資產(chǎn)情況,了解研究區(qū)域環(huán)境與經(jīng)濟(jì)的關(guān)系,它既包括生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的服務(wù)功能價(jià)值評(píng)估,也包括自然資源價(jià)值評(píng)估�；跁r(shí)序遙感的生態(tài)資產(chǎn)評(píng)估能夠更有針對(duì)性的解決喀斯特石漠化地區(qū)復(fù)雜的地形與氣候、破碎的地塊等現(xiàn)狀帶來的研究障礙,獲取地表信息方便快捷,能減少人工測量的誤差,是針對(duì)喀斯特石漠化地區(qū)生態(tài)資產(chǎn)研究的有效手段,可為該地區(qū)的生態(tài)保護(hù)與恢復(fù)提供數(shù)據(jù)支撐。針對(duì)貴州石漠化地區(qū)特殊的環(huán)境背景,研究選取了貴州典型石漠化地區(qū)“關(guān)嶺—貞豐花江喀斯特高原峽谷中-強(qiáng)度石漠化綜合治理示范區(qū)”作為研究區(qū)域,基于時(shí)序遙感影像信息提取技術(shù)、地理信息時(shí)空運(yùn)算與空間分析技術(shù),識(shí)別示范區(qū)內(nèi)不同的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)類型,整合氣象、土壤、DEM等相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù),依據(jù)CASA模型計(jì)算NPP,運(yùn)用替代價(jià)值法、市場價(jià)值法、碳稅法、替代成本法、影子工程法等方法分別計(jì)算示范區(qū)內(nèi)各項(xiàng)生態(tài)資產(chǎn)價(jià)值,借鑒Costanza等人在進(jìn)行全球生態(tài)資產(chǎn)測量的經(jīng)驗(yàn),建立生態(tài)資產(chǎn)遙感評(píng)估的指標(biāo)體系并計(jì)算生態(tài)資產(chǎn)總值,進(jìn)一步研究示范區(qū)1990年到2015年這25年間的生態(tài)資產(chǎn)時(shí)空演變規(guī)律,體現(xiàn)示范區(qū)25年間的生態(tài)資產(chǎn)價(jià)值結(jié)構(gòu)、單項(xiàng)評(píng)估指標(biāo)的時(shí)空變化、單個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的生態(tài)資產(chǎn)結(jié)構(gòu)變化及示范區(qū)生態(tài)資產(chǎn)變化的分區(qū)格局,從而能夠?yàn)榈貐^(qū)的生態(tài)資產(chǎn)管理及區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展方面的研究提供理論參考。主要研究結(jié)果有:(1)通過計(jì)算生態(tài)資產(chǎn)單項(xiàng)價(jià)值,研究了花江示范區(qū)的價(jià)值結(jié)構(gòu)在25年間的變化,單項(xiàng)價(jià)值結(jié)構(gòu)表現(xiàn)為:氣候調(diào)節(jié)養(yǎng)分循環(huán)涵養(yǎng)水源有機(jī)質(zhì)生產(chǎn)土壤保持。氣候調(diào)節(jié)價(jià)值對(duì)生態(tài)資產(chǎn)的貢獻(xiàn)最大,其次是養(yǎng)分循環(huán)價(jià)值,土壤保持價(jià)值對(duì)生態(tài)資產(chǎn)價(jià)值的貢獻(xiàn)最小。從單項(xiàng)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)類型的生態(tài)資產(chǎn)評(píng)估結(jié)果來看,闊葉林地與灌木林地的生態(tài)資產(chǎn)貢獻(xiàn)率較大,而難利用地、建筑用地與水體的生態(tài)資產(chǎn)貢獻(xiàn)率較低。(2)通過時(shí)序變化研究,研究結(jié)果為生態(tài)資產(chǎn)時(shí)序分布依次為:2015年2010年1990年1995年2000年2005年,總體生態(tài)資產(chǎn)在25年時(shí)序上表現(xiàn)為先降低再增高的趨勢。受自然因素與人為因素的影響,同一生態(tài)系統(tǒng)類型的生態(tài)資產(chǎn)隨時(shí)間必然是呈動(dòng)態(tài)變化的。各類生態(tài)系統(tǒng)類型的時(shí)序變化整體為先降低再升高的變化趨勢。單項(xiàng)指標(biāo)價(jià)值時(shí)序變化為:有機(jī)質(zhì)價(jià)值處于一個(gè)波動(dòng)的變化狀態(tài),涵養(yǎng)水源價(jià)值與土壤保持價(jià)值的變化相對(duì)平穩(wěn),養(yǎng)分循環(huán)價(jià)值和氣候調(diào)節(jié)價(jià)值在這25年間整體上為增高趨勢。(3)通過對(duì)示范區(qū)近25年生態(tài)資產(chǎn)變化分區(qū)分析,研究結(jié)果為生態(tài)資產(chǎn)由東北部向西南部呈遞減趨勢,非喀斯特區(qū)域相比喀斯特區(qū)域的價(jià)值要高。近25年花江示范區(qū)生態(tài)資產(chǎn)變動(dòng)趨勢表現(xiàn)為北部侵蝕陡坡處于波動(dòng)下降區(qū);非喀斯特區(qū)域的侵蝕臺(tái)地處于波動(dòng)升高區(qū);在中部及西部的侵蝕丘峰臺(tái)地區(qū)有一定的升高,但變化相對(duì)平穩(wěn);示范區(qū)南部的峰從洼地等區(qū)域,部分農(nóng)用地有明顯的升高趨勢,但范圍較小,整體變化較小。研究結(jié)果對(duì)該示范區(qū)的石漠化治理工程優(yōu)化有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:The ecological environment in Guizhou mountainous area of Karst plateau is very fragile, with the implementation of the western development strategy, especially puts forward the goal of ecological construction in western region, Guizhou province Chinese as the first batch of national ecological civilization pilot area, continue to attach importance to and strengthen the ecological environment protection, how to determine the "ecological accountability standards and other issues still need further study on the evaluation of ecological assets. By means of ecological assets in the study area, understand the relationship between regional environment and economy, it not only includes the value assessment of ecosystem service function, also including the assessment of the value of natural resources. The ecological assets assessment of remote sensing series can be more targeted to solve the topography and climate of Karst rocky desertification area based on complex the research status, barriers block broken, to obtain the surface information conveniently, can reduce the manual measurement error is needle Effective means for research of ecological assets in Karst rocky desertification area, can provide data support in the area of ecological protection and recovery. According to the background of the special environment in Guizhou rocky desertification area, selected typical Guizhou rocky desertification area in Guanling - Zhenfeng Huajiang Karst plateau Valley - strength rocky desertification demonstration "as the study area, the timing extraction technology based on remote sensing image, geographic information spatial operations and spatial analysis technology, ecosystem types, different recognition in the demonstration area of integration of meteorological, soil, DEM and other related data, based on the CASA model NPP, the use of surrogate value method, market value method, carbon tax, replacement cost method calculate, demonstration area of the ecological assets value shadow engineering method, using Costanza et al in the global ecological assets measurement experience, the establishment of remote assessment of ecological assets The index system and calculate the value of ecological capital, evolution of further research demonstration area of 25 years between 1990 to 2015 the ecological assets space, ecological assets value structure reflects the demonstration area in 25 years, temporal and spatial variation of individual indicators, ecological assets changes and demonstration area of the ecological assets structure changes in individual ecosystem zoning pattern, which can to provide a theoretical reference for the study of regional ecological asset management and regional coordinated development. The main results are: (1) through calculating the ecological assets value of individual, change the value structure of Huajiang demonstration area in 25 years, the structure of individual value as follows: climate regulating nutrient cycling of organic matter production and soil conservation water conservation. Climate regulation value contribution to ecological assets, followed by the nutrient cycle value, soil conservation value of ecological capital value contribution is minimal. From the ecological assets assessment results of individual ecosystem types, ecological forest and shrub land asset contribution rate is large, and difficult to use land, ecological assets and water construction contribution rate is relatively low. (2) through the study of temporal variation, the results for the temporal distribution of ecological assets as follows: 2015 2010 1990 1995 in 2000 2005, the overall ecological assets in 25 years time was first decreased and then increased. Affected by natural factors and human factors, ecological assets in the same ecosystem type with time bound is a dynamic change. The timing variation of various ecosystem types for the overall decrease first and then increase the individual. The index value for temporal changes of organic matter in the state of changing a value fluctuation, the value of water conservation and soil conservation value changes is relatively stable, nutrient cycling and climate value Adjust the value for the increasing trend in the whole of this 25 years. (3) through zoning analysis on ecological assets in the recent 25 years, the demonstration zone, the results of ecological assets from the northeast to the southwest Karst region showed a decreasing trend compared to Karst regional value will be high. Nearly 25 years spent River Demonstration Area of ecological assets change a trend for the northern steep slope in descending area; erosion platform in non Karst areas under fluctuations increased in central and western areas; the Taiwan area has a certain erosion crests increases, but the change is relatively stable; the southern demonstration area of peak areas from Wa, part of the agricultural land increased significantly, but a smaller range, the overall change is small. The research results have certain guiding significance to the demonstration area of the rocky desertification control project optimization.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X826;X87

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