發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-03 06:41

  本文選題：稻米　切入點(diǎn)：鈾含量　出處：《東華理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：相山鈾礦區(qū)是我國(guó)迄今為止發(fā)現(xiàn)的最大規(guī)�；鹕綆r型鈾礦床,已有超過(guò)半個(gè)世紀(jì)鈾礦石開(kāi)采和選冶歷史。鈾礦區(qū)內(nèi)有近10萬(wàn)人居住,除少量鈾礦生產(chǎn)工作人員外,主要為農(nóng)民,礦區(qū)主要農(nóng)作物為水稻,水稻可以一年兩熟。鈾礦開(kāi)采過(guò)程產(chǎn)生的大量尾礦和含礦廢水沒(méi)有得到有效處置,對(duì)礦區(qū)環(huán)境造成了較為嚴(yán)重的放射性鈾污染。多年來(lái)的調(diào)查工作主要集中于地質(zhì)成礦研究,極少量針對(duì)鈾礦區(qū)開(kāi)展放射性環(huán)境專(zhuān)項(xiàng)調(diào)查。相山鈾礦區(qū)稻米放射性核素鈾含量的研究報(bào)道較少。本研究重點(diǎn)對(duì)鈾礦區(qū)稻米放射性核素鈾進(jìn)行調(diào)查,分析相山鈾礦區(qū)稻米放射性核素鈾含量及分布特征;探討各亞區(qū)稻米鈾含量成因分析,水稻土鈾含量與稻米鈾含量的關(guān)系;并利用單因子污染指數(shù)法對(duì)相山鈾礦區(qū)稻米放射性核素鈾污染進(jìn)行全面評(píng)價(jià);開(kāi)展了稻米鈾元素健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià),對(duì)加強(qiáng)研究區(qū)糧食質(zhì)量安全和保護(hù)公民身體健康具有重要意義,也為整個(gè)礦區(qū)環(huán)境治理工作提供基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)參考。主要研究成果如下:(1)相山鈾礦區(qū)129件樣品稻米放射性核素鈾含量平均值為1.39 ng·g-1,是含礦未采區(qū)稻米鈾含量平均值的1.19倍,有51.16%的樣品超標(biāo),已對(duì)礦區(qū)糧食安全構(gòu)成威脅;正在采礦區(qū)和水冶廠區(qū)稻米鈾含量平均值分別為1.69 ng·g-1和1.39 ng·g-1,分別是含礦未采區(qū)稻米鈾含量平均值的1.44倍和.1.19倍,樣品超標(biāo)率分別為68.89%和50%,表明相山鈾礦區(qū)稻米放射性核素鈾含量超標(biāo)樣點(diǎn)主要集中于這兩個(gè)亞區(qū)。4個(gè)亞區(qū)稻米鈾含量平均值高低順序?yàn)?正在采礦區(qū)(1.69 ng·g-1)水冶廠區(qū)(1.39 ng·g-1)含礦未采區(qū)(1.17 ng·g-1)廢棄礦井區(qū)(0.96 ng·g-1)。(2)水稻土鈾含量呈現(xiàn)出表層至底層降低的規(guī)律,鈾元素主要集中在水稻土表層,且主要受到外源影響,與水稻土下伏基巖鈾含量關(guān)系不大。鈾元素遷移富集的途徑為“鈾礦開(kāi)采(鈾礦尾礦渣)→地表水→水稻土”,從而造成了稻米鈾元素含量特征。研究區(qū)水稻土鈾含量與稻米鈾含量關(guān)系復(fù)雜,受到礦石運(yùn)輸條件、露天尾礦堆放、水冶廠排水管道等因素的綜合影響。正在采礦區(qū)水稻土鈾含量與稻米鈾含量可以構(gòu)建擬合度較高的指數(shù)函數(shù)回歸方程,稻米鈾含量隨水稻土鈾含量的增加而增加。(3)整個(gè)研究區(qū)稻米樣品單因子污染指數(shù)平均值為2.31,達(dá)到中度污染水平;未受污染、輕度污染、中度污染、重度污染的稻米樣點(diǎn)分別占樣品總數(shù)的14.73%、35.66%、27.90%和21.71%。4個(gè)亞區(qū)及對(duì)照區(qū)稻米鈾污染單因子指數(shù)平均值高低順序?yàn)?正在采礦區(qū)水冶廠區(qū)含礦未采區(qū)廢棄礦井區(qū)對(duì)照區(qū)。正在采礦區(qū)和水冶廠區(qū)稻米單因子污染指數(shù)平均值均達(dá)到中度污染水平;含礦未采區(qū)和廢棄礦井區(qū)稻米單因子污染指數(shù)平均值均達(dá)到輕度污染水平;對(duì)照區(qū)未污染。(4)計(jì)算提出江西省大米鈾元素對(duì)成人和兒童健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)斜率系數(shù)分別為1.04×103(d·kg)·mg-1,3.98×102(d·kg)·mg-1。各亞區(qū)成人和兒童食用稻米的CRi指數(shù)高低順序均為:開(kāi)采礦井區(qū)水冶廠區(qū)含礦未采區(qū)廢棄礦井區(qū)對(duì)照區(qū)。評(píng)價(jià)表明研究區(qū)成人和兒童食用正在采礦區(qū)和水冶廠區(qū)的稻米具有一定的致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn),而食用含礦未采區(qū)、廢棄礦井區(qū)及對(duì)照區(qū)的稻米均不存在致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
[Abstract]:The Xiangshan uranium mining area is the largest volcano rock type uranium deposits found so far in China, there are more than half a century of uranium ore mining and smelting history. Uranium mining area of nearly 100 thousand people, in addition to a small amount of uranium production personnel work, mainly for farmers, the main crops for mining of rice, rice can be two a year well. A large amount of tailings produced process of uranium mining and ore bearing wastewater has not been effective disposal, caused serious pollution to the environment. The radioactive uranium mine survey work over the years mainly focused on geological research, very little to carry out radioactive uranium mine environment special investigation. Xiangshan uranium deposit area rice radionuclide uranium content research report less. This research focuses on the uranium mine rice radionuclide uranium investigation, analysis of radionuclide uranium content and distribution characteristics of rice in Xiangshan uranium mining area; to explore the sub regions of rice Analysis of causes of uranium content, relationship between paddy soil and rice of uranium content in uranium content; and to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the Xiangshan uranium mine rice radioactive uranium pollution by using the method of single factor pollution index; carry out rice uranium health risk assessment, has important significance to strengthen the research area of food quality and safety and protect the health of citizens, also provide the basis for the reference data for the entire mine environment. The main research results are as follows: (1) the Xiangshan uranium mine in 129 samples of rice radionuclide uranium content was 1.39 ng - g-1, is 1.19 times the ore is the average uranium content of rice, 51.16% of the samples exceed the standard, is a threat to food security in mining area; in the mining area and the average content of uranium hydrometallurgy of rice were 1.69 ng g-1 and 1.39 ng g-1, which is 1.44 times of ore is the average uranium content of rice and.1.19 times, super sample Standard rates were 68.89% and 50%, showed that the Xiangshan uranium deposit area rice radionuclide uranium content exceed the standard sample mainly concentrated in the two sub region.4 sub regions, the average content of rice uranium mining area is level of order: (1.69 ng g-1) hydrometallurgy plant (1.39 ng g-1) ore unmined area (1.17 ng g-1 (0.96 ng) of abandoned mine area g-1). (2) showed uranium content in rice soil surface layer to the bottom layer decreases, the uranium is mainly concentrated in the top soil, and mainly affected by exogenous effects, and paddy soil under the relationship of bedrock uranium content. Uranium enrichment for the migration pathway "uranium mining (uranium tailings), surface water, paddy soil, resulting in the characteristics of uranium content in rice paddy soil. Research on the relationship between the uranium content and the content of uranium ore by rice complex, transport conditions, open tailings pile, comprehensive effect of mills and other factors. It drains Exponential regression equation in Paddy Soils in uranium mining area and rice uranium content can build a high fitting degree, increase the uranium content in rice paddy soil with uranium content increased. (3) the study area of rice samples of single factor pollution index reached an average of 2.31, moderate pollution level; without pollution, light pollution, moderate pollution, severe pollution of rice samples accounted for 14.73% of the total samples, 35.66%, 27.90% and 21.71%.4 sub area and the control area of rice uranium single factor pollution index average level of order: mining area ore hydrometallurgy plant is unmining area of abandoned mine area. The mining area and control area is the single rice mill the average pollution index reached the moderate level of pollution; ore mining and abandoned mine area of rice is not the single factor pollution index average value reached the level of light pollution; control area without pollution. (4) proposed in Jiangxi Province Rice uranium for adults and children health risk of cancer risk slope coefficients were 1.04 x 103 (D - kg) mg-1,3.98 * 102 (D - kg) CRi index, the order of adults and children mg-1. sub regions of rice are: the mining area of uranium ore mining plant not abandoned mine wells the control area. The evaluation indicates that the adults and children in study area are edible rice plant and suiyeh mining area has a certain risk of cancer, but not edible ore mining area, abandoned mine area and the control area of the rice does not have the risk of cancer.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X591;X75

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