本文選題：RS與GIS技術(shù)　切入點：土地覆被　出處：《江西理工大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：目前,制約人類生存和發(fā)展的問題有很多,但是土地覆被變化與生態(tài)環(huán)境惡化是人類面臨的最緊迫問題。環(huán)保是人類為改善生存環(huán)境達(dá)成的唯一共識。除此之外,當(dāng)前環(huán)境問題日趨嚴(yán)峻,在此形勢下,關(guān)于土地覆被變化以及生態(tài)環(huán)境兩方面的研究便成為當(dāng)前階段的研究熱點與主要方向。分析土地覆被變化和生態(tài)環(huán)境變化規(guī)律,并對這些內(nèi)容進行評價,能夠為保護和治理與人類息息相關(guān)的生態(tài)環(huán)境提供有力的幫助。以土地利用以及生態(tài)環(huán)境兩方面的理論為研究基礎(chǔ),以萬安縣為實際案例展開探究,數(shù)據(jù)源自高分一號遙感衛(wèi)星,結(jié)合獲取的數(shù)據(jù),展開傳統(tǒng)的分類方法以及面向?qū)ο蠓诸惙椒ǖ奶骄?研究兩種方式是否適合高分影像土地覆被信息的提取;以2013年高分一號遙感影像數(shù)據(jù)為參照,對2013-2016年萬安縣用地變化進行了動態(tài)變化研究;以2016年Landsat8遙感影像及萬安縣統(tǒng)計年鑒作為研究區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境評價因子提取的數(shù)據(jù)源,使用層次分析法,并將提取生態(tài)環(huán)境評價因子作為前提,從而構(gòu)建出生態(tài)環(huán)境評價模型,對研究區(qū)的生態(tài)環(huán)境進行綜合且全面的評價。文章中的研究內(nèi)容為:通過國產(chǎn)高分一號衛(wèi)星獲取研究區(qū)2016年遙感影像,同時運用非監(jiān)督、監(jiān)督及面向?qū)ο穹诸惖确绞綄⒂跋駞^(qū)分分類。利用驗證樣本進行分類結(jié)果驗證得到非監(jiān)督分類、監(jiān)督分類、面向?qū)ο蠓诸惖幕煜仃?通過混淆矩陣對比三種分類方法的總體精度與Kappa系數(shù),結(jié)果顯示運用傳統(tǒng)分類方法展開高分影像土地覆被信息的提取是存在限制的�？傮w說來,在準(zhǔn)確性方面,運用監(jiān)督分類相比非監(jiān)督分類是存在優(yōu)勢的,在高分影像的分類上,不論是監(jiān)督分類還是非監(jiān)督分類都無法達(dá)到面向?qū)ο蠓诸惖男Ч?將2013年以及2016年兩個時相的高分一號遙感影像解譯結(jié)果相互對比,能夠知曉土地覆被變化的狀況,即林地以及農(nóng)用地呈現(xiàn)顯著的下降狀態(tài)。將2016年Landsat8影像當(dāng)作數(shù)據(jù)源,從中提取例如歸一化差異水體指數(shù)、土壤濕度指數(shù)、歸一化植被指數(shù)和歸一化建筑指數(shù)等生態(tài)環(huán)境評價因子;結(jié)合研究區(qū)統(tǒng)計年鑒及其他專題數(shù)據(jù),獲得數(shù)字高程模型、坡度、坡向、人口密度、地區(qū)生產(chǎn)總值等生態(tài)環(huán)境評價因子。從地形條件、自然條件、社會經(jīng)濟條件等3個層面9個指標(biāo)出發(fā),建立較為完善的萬安縣生態(tài)環(huán)境評價體系,結(jié)合主觀權(quán)重與客觀權(quán)重的層次分析方法,有層次的對每個指標(biāo)分別賦權(quán),并且把這些指標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化,利用Arc GIS進行柵格計算及等級劃分,得到萬安縣生態(tài)環(huán)境總體情況,發(fā)現(xiàn)萬安縣生態(tài)環(huán)境優(yōu)、良等級占絕大部分,但也存在差和較差的區(qū)域。綜合各階段的研究成果,結(jié)合RS與GIS對高分一號遙感影像使用不同的分類方法提取其土地覆被信息,討論高分影像在城市土地利用監(jiān)測中的適宜性,擴展高分?jǐn)?shù)據(jù)的運用領(lǐng)域;對不同的生態(tài)環(huán)境因子使用不同的提取手段,在評價因子的基礎(chǔ)上建立評價模型,其后對生態(tài)環(huán)境進行評估是展開生態(tài)管理與治理不可或缺的。
[Abstract]:At present, there are many restricts the survival and development of mankind, but the land cover change and deterioration of the ecological environment is the most urgent problem facing humanity. Environmental protection is the only consensus to improve the human living environment is achieved. In addition, the increasingly serious environmental problems, in this situation, the research on land cover change and two the ecological environment has become a research hotspot in current stage and the main direction. Analysis of land cover change and ecological environment, and to evaluate the content, which is closely related to ecological environment for the protection and administration of human help. In two aspects of land use and ecological environment for the study of the theory basis to vie County as the actual case inquiry, data from one score satellite remote sensing data, combined with the expansion, the traditional classification method and object oriented classification The method of inquiry, of two is suitable for extracting high-resolution images of land cover information; by 2013 one score of remote sensing image data as a reference, 2013-2016 years of Wanan land were studied by dynamic change; statistics in 2016 Landsat8 remote sensing image and Wanan Yearbook as extraction of the ecological environment of the study area evaluation factor data the source, using the analytic hierarchy process, and the extraction of ecological environment evaluation factors as the premise, in order to construct the evaluation model of ecological environment, comprehensive and comprehensive evaluation on the ecological environment of the study area. The research content in the study area in 2016: access to remote sensing images by means of domestic a high score satellite, while the use of non supervision, supervision and like for the classification of image classification. The validation samples distinguish the classification results verify the unsupervised classification, supervised classification, object oriented classification The confusion matrix, through the overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient of confusion matrix comparison of three classification methods. The results show that using the traditional classification method of land cover information extraction of high-resolution images is limited. Generally speaking, in terms of accuracy, using supervised classification compared to unsupervised classification is of advantage, in the classification of the image score on whether supervised classification or unsupervised classification can not meet the object-oriented classification results; 2013 and 2016 two phase high one of remote sensing image interpretation results of the comparison, to know the land cover change, forest land and agricultural land showed a significant decline. The Landsat8 image in 2016 as the data extracted from the source, such as normalized difference water index, soil moisture index, evaluation of ecological environment construction and normalized vegetation index index node; Research area statistical yearbook and other special data, obtain the digital elevation model, slope, slope, population density, evaluation of ecological environment GDP. From the topography, natural conditions, social and economic conditions of the 3 level 9 indicators, the establishment of ecological environment Wanan perfect assessment system, combined with the subjective the weight and the objective weight AHP method, hierarchical weighted respectively for each index, and the index of data standardization, grid calculation and classification using Arc GIS, get the overall situation of ecological environment of Wan'an County, found that the ecological environment of Wanan County, good grades accounted for the vast majority, but there are poor and poor the regional research results. In each stage, the combination of RS and GIS on the high one remote sensing image using different classification methods to extract the information of land cover, discuss the high image in city land It is necessary to expand the application field of high score data by monitoring the suitability, use different extraction methods to different ecological environmental factors, and establish evaluation models based on the evaluation factors. Subsequently, the evaluation of the ecological environment is indispensable for ecological management and governance.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：P237;P208;X826

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