本文關(guān)鍵詞： 鋁 土壤酸化 里白 狗脊 天童　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：酸沉降引起的土壤酸化對生態(tài)環(huán)境和生物群落會帶來一系列的影響,導(dǎo)致土壤中鋁離子的活化并大量溶出,危害森林生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的健康。本文以浙江省寧波市天童國家森林公園為例,采集了天童森林公園不同海拔高度不同剖面的土壤樣品以及狗脊、里白植株樣品,探究了天童森林公園土壤酸化特征、蕨類植物狗脊和里白的鋁、硅和鐵富集特征,分析討論了天童森林公園土壤發(fā)育程度及狗脊和里白的鋁富集特征。主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)土壤酸化特征:研究區(qū)土壤酸化明顯,pH值從上剖面向土層深度增加,水解性總酸度和交換性酸均呈現(xiàn)由上剖面到下剖面降低的趨向;土壤粘土礦物由伊利石,高嶺石和綠泥石構(gòu)成,伊利石占絕對優(yōu)勢及上下剖面伊利石化學(xué)指數(shù)0.4;土壤不同剖面鋁鐵硅系數(shù)小于硅鋁系數(shù)和鋁鐵系數(shù);土壤游離度低于活化度及鐵水合系數(shù)1.5;依據(jù)土壤酸化特征相關(guān)指標(biāo)的測定結(jié)果,得出研究區(qū)土壤風(fēng)化發(fā)育程度較低,處于脫硅向富鋁化發(fā)展的初級階段。(2)土壤鋁溶出特征:研究區(qū)0-20 cm剖面土壤活性鋁的含量先后分布規(guī)律是酸溶鋁氧化物、腐殖酸螯合態(tài)鋁、有機(jī)結(jié)合態(tài)鋁、交換態(tài)鋁、無機(jī)吸附態(tài)鋁、水溶態(tài)鋁;20-50cm土層的分布規(guī)律是腐殖酸螯合態(tài)鋁、酸溶鋁氧化物、交換態(tài)鋁、有機(jī)結(jié)合態(tài)鋁、無機(jī)吸附態(tài)鋁、水溶態(tài)鋁。土壤剖面0-20cm有效態(tài)活性鋁占可提取活性鋁的12.79%～20.46%,20-50 cm 土層有效態(tài)活性鋁占可提取活性鋁的9.39%～13.46%;通過與不同土壤類型植茶區(qū)進(jìn)行橫、縱向比較分析,得出該地有效態(tài)活性鋁含量及其占可提取活性鋁比例與之相當(dāng)或較高。(3)蕨類植物鋁富集特征:狗脊的根部鋁含量最高且根部富集系數(shù)較高,植株的轉(zhuǎn)移系數(shù)偏低(1),得出狗脊的鋁累積特點(diǎn)是只有根中累積一定量的鋁,但是植株地上部不累積;里白葉片中鋁含量平均值為7.444 g/kg,地上部富集系數(shù)較高,轉(zhuǎn)移系數(shù)為3.350(1),得出里白的鋁累積特點(diǎn)是不僅根部能吸收高濃度的鋁,植株地上部也能吸收高濃度的鋁,屬于鋁累積植物。(4)蕨類植物鐵、硅富集特征:蕨類植物狗脊和里白根部鐵含量最高,地上部硅含量高于根部。狗脊的根部鐵、硅含量與鋁含量之間存在顯著正相關(guān)(p0.05),表明狗脊植株對鋁的吸收加強(qiáng)了對鐵的吸收,且不影響植株吸收營養(yǎng)元素硅,根部具有富鐵和富硅機(jī)制。里白根部鋁含量與鐵、硅含量之間達(dá)到極顯著水平(p0.01),表明里白根部對鋁吸收的同時(shí)不排斥對營養(yǎng)元素鐵、硅的吸收,根部具有富鐵機(jī)制,同時(shí)硅的吸收對鋁在植株體內(nèi)的遷移轉(zhuǎn)化影響不大。
[Abstract]:The acidification of soil caused by acid deposition has a series of effects on the ecological environment and biota, which leads to the activation and dissolution of aluminum ions in soil. Taking Tiantong National Forest Park of Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province as an example, soil samples from different altitude profiles and samples of dog ridges and Lilai plants were collected from Tiantong Forest Park, Zhejiang Province. The characteristics of soil acidification in Tiantong Forest Park, the characteristics of aluminum, silicon and iron enrichment in the ferns' dog ridges and libai were investigated. The characteristics of soil acidification in Tiantong Forest Park were analyzed and discussed. The main results were as follows: the pH value of soil acidification increased from the upper profile to the depth of soil layer in the study area. The total hydrolytic acidity and exchangeable acid tended to decrease from the upper profile to the lower profile, and the clay minerals in the soil were composed of Illite, kaolinite and chlorite. Illite occupies the absolute dominance and the Illite chemical index is 0.4 in the upper and lower sections, and the Al-Fe-Si coefficient of soil in different profiles is lower than that of Si-Al and Al-Fe; The degree of soil dissociation is lower than that of activation and the coefficient of iron hydration is 1.5. According to the measurement results of soil acidification characteristics, it is concluded that the degree of soil weathering and development in the study area is lower than that in the study area. In the primary stage of desilication to aluminization, the characteristics of aluminum dissolution in soil: the distribution of active aluminum in soil in 0-20 cm profile is acid soluble aluminum oxide, humic acid chelate aluminum, organic bound aluminum and exchangeable aluminum. The distribution of inorganic adsorbed aluminum and water-soluble aluminum in the soil layer of 20-50 cm is that of humic acid chelate aluminum, acid-soluble aluminum oxide, exchangeable aluminum, organic bound aluminum, inorganic adsorbed aluminum. Water soluble aluminum. Available active aluminum in 0-20cm soil profile accounted for 12.79% of extractable active aluminum in 20.46 cm soil layer and 9.39% 13.46% of extractable active aluminum in 20-50 cm soil layer. The available active aluminum content and its proportion in extractable active aluminum were obtained. The characteristics of aluminum enrichment in pteridophytes were as follows: the highest Al content in the root and the higher enrichment coefficient in the root of the canine ridge. The transfer coefficient of the plant was lower than that of the control. It was found that only a certain amount of aluminum was accumulated in the root of the dog ridge, but not in the shoot, and the average aluminum content in the leaves of Libai was 7.444 g / kg, and the enrichment coefficient of the aboveground part was higher. The transfer coefficient is 3.350 ~ 1 ~ (-1). The characteristic of aluminum accumulation in Libai is that not only the roots can absorb high concentration of aluminum, but also the aboveground part of plants can absorb high concentration of aluminum, which belongs to the aluminum accumulative plant. The characteristics of silicon enrichment: the iron content in the roots of pteridophyte dog ridges and libbeas was the highest, and the content of silicon in the aboveground part was higher than that in the roots. There was a significant positive correlation between Si content and Al content, which indicated that the absorption of Al by Doggesia plants enhanced the absorption of Fe, and had no effect on the absorption of nutrient element Si by the plant, and the roots had the mechanism of rich in Fe and rich in Si, and the content of Al in the root of Libai was related to iron, and the content of Al in the root of Libai increased the absorption of Fe. The content of Si reached a significant level (p 0.01), which indicated that the root of Libai did not exclude the absorption of iron and silicon at the same time, the absorption of Fe and Si in the root had the mechanism of iron enrichment, and the absorption of silicon had little effect on the migration and transformation of aluminum in the plant.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X173

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