本文關(guān)鍵詞： 造林工程 降溫效應 LANDSAT- 價值評估 平原區(qū) 北京市　出處：《生態(tài)學報》2017年03期 　論文類型：期刊論文

【摘要】：隨著城市化進程的加快,城市熱島效應已經(jīng)嚴重影響到了城市居民的生產(chǎn)與生活。大量的研究成果證明,以植被和水體為主導的冷島效應是減弱城市熱島效應的最有效、最持久、最經(jīng)濟手段,但過往的研究成果主要以城市公園作為研究對象,樣本數(shù)量少,研究結(jié)果的不確定性大,對于大范圍人工林地的冷島效應關(guān)注較少。北京市在2012—2014年間實施了"百萬畝平原大造林"工程,累計形成10648個林地斑塊,這為人工林地冷島效應問題的進一步研究提供了絕好的研究樣本。利用2014年9月4日的landsat-8衛(wèi)星影像數(shù)據(jù),通過定量遙感手段反演了北京市平原區(qū)的地表亮溫,并以造林地斑塊的GIS數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),對造林工程的降溫效應進行了分析。結(jié)果表明,雖然造林時間短,但由于采用了大苗造林措施、公司實施模式,這些造林地的平均降溫幅度可達1.023℃,其冷島效應的輻射范圍可到達林地邊緣外350m,其中0—100m距離范圍內(nèi)的降溫效果最為顯著,達到了0.392℃。從降溫效應的區(qū)域差異來看,延慶盆地造林地塊的降溫效果最顯著,達到了3.519℃,6環(huán)以內(nèi)造林地塊的降溫效果最小,只有0.111℃。通過不同年份造林地塊的降溫效應分析發(fā)現(xiàn),造林地塊的景觀格局和濕地保護與建設(shè)工程類型的規(guī)模對林地斑塊的降溫效果有顯著影響。從全部林地斑塊的大小看,其呈現(xiàn)了數(shù)量上以小斑塊占優(yōu)、面積上以中、小型斑塊為主的數(shù)量特征,降溫效果則呈現(xiàn)了斑塊規(guī)模愈大降溫效果愈顯著的特點。初步的價值估算表明,平原區(qū)大造林工程的降溫效益達到了4.8882×10~8元,其中林地本身的降溫效應占到了53.73%,林地外圍輻射降溫的效益占到了46.38%。在今后的造林工程實踐中,要注意造林地塊大小的設(shè)計問題,應以超大斑塊和巨斑塊為主體,同時要注意將林地斑塊的空間鄰接距離保持在100—500m的范圍內(nèi),以充分利用林地斑塊冷島效應空間上的輻射擴散特點。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of urbanization, urban heat island effect has seriously affected the production and life of urban residents. A large number of research results have proved that the cold island effect, which is dominated by vegetation and water, is the most effective way to weaken the urban heat island effect. The most lasting and economic means, but the past research results mainly take the city park as the research object, the sample quantity is small, the research result is big uncertainty. Little attention has been paid to the cold island effect of large scale plantations. During the period of 2012-2014, the Beijing Municipality carried out a "million mu Plain Afforestation" project, which resulted in 10,648 forest patches. This provides an excellent sample for the further study of the cold island effect of artificial forests. Using the landsat-8 satellite image data of September 4th 2014, the surface brightness temperature in the plain area of Beijing was retrieved by quantitative remote sensing. Based on the GIS data of woodland patch, the cooling effect of afforestation project is analyzed. The results show that although the afforestation time is short, but because of the adoption of plantlet afforestation measures, the company implements the model. The average cooling range of these woodlands can reach 1.023 鈩，

本文編號：1547327