本文關鍵詞： 苧麻生物脫膠 總黃酮 脫膠酶 回收利用　出處：《武漢紡織大學》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：苧麻是我國特有的紡織纖維作物,它的纖維細長柔韌,不易皺縮,彈力強,具有蠶絲般的光澤。然而,苧麻韌皮纖維被以果膠和半纖維素為主的膠質(zhì)包裹,需盡可能去除膠質(zhì),才能滿足紡紗要求。生物脫膠憑借污染小,纖維品質(zhì)高,能耗低,成為未來苧麻脫膠發(fā)展的方向。但傳統(tǒng)的生物脫膠過程主要關注纖維加工的效率和質(zhì)量,很少留意到苧麻韌皮及脫膠廢液中具有潛在利用價值的資源,使資源淪為廢物,回收利用這些資源將有利于苧麻加工的綜合經(jīng)濟效益,加速生物脫膠技術的推廣。本研究以苧麻脫膠共生菌群RAMCD407漚麻廢液為研究對象,通過化學分析,確定脫膠廢液中具有潛在利用價值的成分,然后對黃酮和脫膠酶的回收工藝進行了研究。理化分析表明,苧麻脫膠廢水廢液的COD值依然較高,達到了8620mg/mL,主要含蛋白質(zhì)、糖類、黃酮等物質(zhì),含量分別達到4.2g/L、0.6g/L、0.389%,化學成分系統(tǒng)預試顯示還含有少量酚類、有機酸、萜類等;酶活分析顯示脫膠廢液中剩余的果膠酶活高達3828U/mL,木聚糖酶活高達2708U/mL,纖維素酶為381U/mL。因此,脫膠廢液中黃酮和脫膠酶有較高的回收利用價值。廢液中的黃酮來源于苧麻韌皮,測試表明,苧麻韌皮中黃酮含量高達1.238%。本研究比較了在苧麻生物脫膠的不同工藝階段回收黃酮的可操作性和效率結果表明:采用乙酸乙酯萃取法從脫膠廢液中回收黃酮時,由于黃酮在脫膠的不同階段被耗損和稀釋,回收效率較低,只有0.413%,而且回收試劑難以循環(huán)利用,加重了環(huán)境污染;采用乙醇-超聲波法在脫膠前從苧麻韌皮中回收黃酮,采用優(yōu)化后的工藝:原麻在浸提前機械錘麻分纖,液固比30:1,乙醇濃度60%,超聲時間40 min,提取溫度30℃,結果韌皮黃酮的回收率為1.238%,同時,經(jīng)過敲麻結合乙醇-超聲波浸提處理后,苧麻的生物脫膠時間由原來19h縮短至了13h,廢液中的COD也由原來的8620mg/mL,降低至5785mg/mL,證實了該工藝具有良好的經(jīng)濟效益和環(huán)境效益。從苧麻脫膠廢液中回收剩余酶活采用了膜過濾工藝:超濾膜截留分子量為8KDa,運行壓力0.08MPa,收回了廢液中89.5%蛋白質(zhì),其中果膠酶、木聚糖酶和纖維素酶酶活回收率依次為85.04%、82.35%和86.67%。對回收的復合進行了脫膠實驗,在優(yōu)化有的條件下(溫度45℃、pH8.0、浴比1:10、復合酶量1:3)處理3h~4h原麻即可分纖,殘膠率低于9.0%,綜合脫膠效果接近于目前的商品酶。
[Abstract]:Ramie is a unique textile fiber crop in China. Its fiber is slender, flexible, easy to shrink, elastic and has a silky luster. However, Ramie phloem fiber is wrapped mainly with pectin and hemicellulose, which should be removed as much as possible. Biological degumming has become the development direction of Ramie degumming in the future because of its low pollution, high fiber quality and low energy consumption. However, the traditional biological degumming process mainly focuses on the efficiency and quality of fiber processing. Little attention was paid to the potential resources of Ramie phloem and degumming waste liquid, which reduced the resources to waste, and the recycling and utilization of these resources would benefit the comprehensive economic benefit of Ramie processing. In this study, Ramie degumming symbiotic bacteria RAMCD407 retting waste liquor was used as the research object, and the components of the degumming waste liquor with potential utilization value were determined by chemical analysis. Then the recovery process of flavonoids and degumming enzymes was studied. The physicochemical analysis showed that the COD value of Ramie degumming wastewater was still high, reaching 8620 mg / mL, mainly containing protein, sugar, flavonoids, etc. The chemical composition system showed that there were also a small amount of phenols, organic acids, terpenes, etc. The enzyme activity analysis showed that the remaining Pectinase activity in the degumming waste liquid was as high as 3828 U / mL, xylanase activity was as high as 2708 U / mL / mL, and the cellulase level was 381UU / mL. therefore, Flavonoids and degumming enzymes in the degumming waste liquor have high recovery value. The flavonoids in the waste liquor are derived from Ramie phloem. The content of flavonoids in Ramie phloem is as high as 1.238. In this study, the maneuverability and efficiency of flavonoids recovery in different stages of Ramie biological degumming were compared. The results showed that: when extracting flavonoids from degumming waste liquor by ethyl acetate extraction, Because the flavonoids were consumed and diluted in different stages of degumming, the recovery efficiency was low, only 0.413%, and the recycling reagent was difficult to recycle, which aggravated the environmental pollution, and the flavonoids were recovered from Ramie phloem by ethanol-ultrasonic method before degumming. The optimized technology was used as follows: preimpregnation of raw hemp with mechanical hammer hemp, liquid-solid ratio of 30: 1, ethanol concentration of 60: 1, ultrasonic time of 40 min, extraction temperature of 30 鈩，

本文編號：1539789