發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-02-24 12:27

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 電滲析 超濾 有機(jī)物 脫鹽 膜污染　出處：《天津工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨化工、制藥、造紙等行業(yè)的發(fā)展,排放了大量的含低熔點(diǎn)堿金屬鹽和堿土金屬鹽的高濃度有機(jī)廢液,這些廢液往往毒性較高,如果直接排放將造成嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境污染,在處理過(guò)程中又往往因?yàn)閺U水中含有較高的鹽分含量,限制其后續(xù)的處理過(guò)程。常規(guī)的生化處理方法等又無(wú)法解決此類污染問(wèn)題。因此,開(kāi)發(fā)一種更為可靠、更為有效的含鹽高濃度有機(jī)廢液處理方法己是廢液污染治理的迫切需求。本文結(jié)合電滲析和超濾的優(yōu)點(diǎn),找到了一種新型的超濾-電滲析耦合的方式處理含鹽高濃度有機(jī)廢液的方法,有效分離的有機(jī)物和無(wú)機(jī)鹽離子,為含鹽高濃度有機(jī)廢液的連續(xù)穩(wěn)定無(wú)害化處理提供了一種可靠、可行的方法,具有重要的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。超濾-電滲析是在傳統(tǒng)的電滲析器中引入超濾膜,或是用超濾膜取代部分離子交換膜的一種新型膜分離技術(shù)。本文應(yīng)用超濾-電滲析分離高鹽有機(jī)料液中的有機(jī)物和無(wú)機(jī)離子。首先,比較了不同的超濾-電滲析耦合方式,選出適合進(jìn)行有機(jī)水體脫鹽的膜堆構(gòu)型,即超濾膜替換電滲析裝置中的陰離子交換膜。并且探究循環(huán)模式進(jìn)行脫鹽實(shí)驗(yàn)時(shí),不同操作參數(shù)對(duì)脫鹽效果的影響。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),電壓為6.5V時(shí)更有利于脫鹽,電壓過(guò)大會(huì)造成膜污染;料液流速為1Ocm/min時(shí),停留時(shí)間長(zhǎng),脫鹽效果好,.濃水與料液流速相同時(shí),確保了兩隔室之間沒(méi)有壓差,減輕有機(jī)物對(duì)膜的污染。其后,研究膜堆結(jié)構(gòu)中不同材料膜對(duì)脫鹽過(guò)程的影響,從而可知,超濾膜和離子交換膜相比較,超濾膜更不容易被蛋白質(zhì)污染,并且當(dāng)超濾膜截留分子量遠(yuǎn)大于有機(jī)分子相對(duì)分子質(zhì)量時(shí),有機(jī)分子不會(huì)透過(guò)超濾膜,其在超濾膜表面有少許附著對(duì)脫鹽過(guò)程影響不大,但是如果電壓過(guò)大或者有垂直于膜的壓力時(shí)超濾膜會(huì)被污染進(jìn)而影響脫鹽效果。最后,為了實(shí)現(xiàn)水體連續(xù)脫鹽,設(shè)計(jì)了三級(jí)連續(xù)電滲析。除鹽率達(dá)到98.6%,進(jìn)行8h連續(xù)運(yùn)行,出水水質(zhì)比較穩(wěn)定。結(jié)合對(duì)超濾膜污染的研究,得出結(jié)論,在該過(guò)程中超濾膜的污染輕微,未對(duì)脫鹽效果造成影響。在本項(xiàng)研究中,設(shè)計(jì)了超濾-電滲析除鹽方法,研究了操作條件對(duì)分離效果的影響,并取得了有機(jī)物與無(wú)機(jī)離子分離的良好效果,為有機(jī)水體脫鹽技術(shù)的開(kāi)發(fā)提供了新的思路和技術(shù)支持。
[Abstract]:With the development of chemical, pharmaceutical, papermaking and other industries, a large amount of high concentration organic waste liquid containing low melting point alkali metal salt and alkali earth metal salt has been discharged, which is often highly toxic and will cause serious environmental pollution if discharged directly. In the process of treatment, it is often because of the high salt content in the wastewater, which limits its subsequent treatment process, and the conventional biochemical treatment methods can not solve the problem of such pollution. Therefore, the development of a more reliable, More effective treatment of organic waste liquor with high concentration of salt has been an urgent need for the treatment of waste liquor pollution. This paper combines the advantages of electrodialysis and ultrafiltration. A new coupling method of ultrafiltration and electrodialysis has been found for the treatment of organic waste liquor with high concentration of salt. The effective separation of organic matter and inorganic salt ions provides a reliable method for the continuous and harmless treatment of organic waste liquor with high concentration of salt. The feasible method has important application value. Ultrafiltration and electrodialysis are introduced into the traditional electrodialysis device. In this paper, ultrafiltration and electrodialysis are used to separate organic and inorganic ions from high salt organic liquid. Firstly, different coupling methods of ultrafiltration and electrodialysis are compared. The membrane stack configuration suitable for desalting of organic water was selected, that is, the ultrafiltration membrane was used to replace the anion exchange membrane in the electrodialysis unit, and the effect of different operating parameters on the desalination efficiency was investigated in the experiment of desalting in circulating mode. When the voltage is 6.5 V, it is more favorable to desalination, and the overvoltage will cause membrane fouling. When the flow rate of feed liquid is 1 m / min, the residence time is long and the desalination effect is good. When the flow rate of concentrated water and feed liquid is the same, no pressure difference between the two compartments is ensured. The effect of different materials on the desalination process was studied. It was concluded that the ultrafiltration membrane was less likely to be contaminated by protein than the ion exchange membrane. When the molecular weight of UF membrane is much larger than the molecular weight of organic molecule, the organic molecule will not pass through UF membrane, and a little adhesion on the surface of UF membrane has little effect on the desalination process. But if the voltage is too high or the pressure is perpendicular to the membrane, the ultrafiltration membrane will be polluted and the desalination effect will be affected. Finally, in order to realize the continuous desalination of water, a three-stage continuous electrodialysis is designed. The effluent quality is relatively stable. In combination with the study of ultrafiltration membrane pollution, it is concluded that the ultrafiltration membrane contamination is slight and does not affect the desalination effect. In this study, the ultrafiltration and electrodialysis desalination method is designed. The effect of operating conditions on the separation effect was studied, and a good result of separating organic compounds from inorganic ions was obtained, which provided a new idea and technical support for the development of desalting technology in organic water.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X703

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