本文關(guān)鍵詞： 河流健康 快速生物評(píng)價(jià) 河流管理 BMWP指數(shù)　出處：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：河流健康是河流管理的重要評(píng)價(jià)基礎(chǔ)。河流健康評(píng)價(jià)方法主要有物理評(píng)價(jià)方法、化學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)方法、生物評(píng)價(jià)方法以及綜合評(píng)價(jià)方法,而生物評(píng)價(jià)方法目前應(yīng)用比較廣泛。在生物評(píng)價(jià)中,生物指數(shù)法是最常用的評(píng)價(jià)方法,根據(jù)物種的特性及出現(xiàn)與否,通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)字表達(dá)外界脅迫因子對(duì)河流健康的影響程度。而在生物類群中,大型底棲動(dòng)物具有豐富的物種多樣性,并且易于采集和鑒定,本身生活史比較長(zhǎng),活動(dòng)能力差,能夠持續(xù)反應(yīng)一段時(shí)間內(nèi)外界脅迫因子對(duì)水環(huán)境的影響情況,因此本文選用大型底棲動(dòng)物作為河流健康評(píng)價(jià)的目標(biāo)評(píng)價(jià)生物。在國(guó)內(nèi)外河流健康評(píng)價(jià)中,以大型底棲動(dòng)物為基礎(chǔ)構(gòu)建的快速生物評(píng)價(jià)指數(shù)主要包括敏感型指數(shù)、耐污型指數(shù)以及多樣性指數(shù)。相比較其他指數(shù),快速生物評(píng)價(jià)指數(shù)因其省時(shí)、省力,且能有效表征河流健康狀況,具有明顯優(yōu)勢(shì)。但在國(guó)內(nèi)尚未進(jìn)行較好的驗(yàn)證,因此本研究通過(guò)對(duì)比多種快速生物評(píng)價(jià)指數(shù),比較其適用性,主要得到了以下幾個(gè)結(jié)論:1)不同快速生物評(píng)價(jià)指數(shù)具有較高的相關(guān)性,但快速生物評(píng)價(jià)指數(shù)對(duì)不同水質(zhì)的指示性具有較大差異。各快速生物評(píng)價(jià)指數(shù)均可以有效指示水環(huán)境中的有機(jī)污染和NH3-N污染。對(duì)于不同快速生物評(píng)價(jià)指數(shù)而言,BMWP指數(shù)與ρ(CODMn)、ρ(NH3-N)、ρ(TN)的線性擬合關(guān)系最好,BP指數(shù)與ρ(BOD5)、EC的線性擬合關(guān)系最好。2)BMWP指數(shù)對(duì)河流健康的指示性最強(qiáng)。BMWP與B-IBI指數(shù)的相關(guān)性最為顯著,并且BMWP指數(shù)與B-IBI指數(shù)的健康評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果最為接近。在渾太河流域河流水質(zhì)狀況評(píng)估中,BMWP指數(shù)應(yīng)當(dāng)作為首選快速生物評(píng)價(jià)指數(shù),可達(dá)到既快速又準(zhǔn)確的效果。3)BMWP指數(shù)除可以較好的指示水體中有機(jī)污染、富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化以及總?cè)芙庑怨腆w污染,對(duì)生物多樣性以及棲息地異質(zhì)性也具有很好的指示作用。4)健康評(píng)估結(jié)果顯示,太子河采樣點(diǎn)中,極好樣點(diǎn)占比30.5%,良好樣點(diǎn)占比15.2%,一般樣點(diǎn)占比21.7%,差樣點(diǎn)占比10.9%,極差樣點(diǎn)占比21.7%。本研究為快速生物評(píng)價(jià)方法在國(guó)內(nèi)的應(yīng)用提供了驗(yàn)證,為大流域尺度下河流健康評(píng)估過(guò)程中開(kāi)展快速生物監(jiān)測(cè)與評(píng)估提供一定的技術(shù)支撐。
[Abstract]:River health is an important evaluation basis of river management. The methods of river health evaluation include physical evaluation method, chemical evaluation method, biological evaluation method and comprehensive evaluation method. In biological evaluation, biological index method is the most commonly used evaluation method, according to the characteristics of species and their appearance or not, The effects of external stress factors on river health are expressed by simple numbers. In biological groups, macrobenthos are rich in species diversity, easy to collect and identify, and have a long life history and poor mobility. The effect of external stress factors on water environment can be sustained for a period of time. In this paper, macrobenthos are chosen as the target organisms for river health assessment. The rapid biological evaluation index based on macrobenthos mainly includes sensitive index, pollution resistance index and diversity index. Compared with other indexes, rapid biological evaluation index saves time and effort. It has obvious advantages, but it has not been verified well in our country. Therefore, this study compares the applicability of several rapid biological evaluation indexes. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) different rapid biological evaluation indexes have high correlation. However, the rapid biological assessment index has a great difference on the indicator of different water quality. Each rapid biological assessment index can effectively indicate organic pollution and NH3-N pollution in the water environment. The linear fitting relationship between the index and 蟻 (CODMnI), 蟻 (NH _ 3-N _ (+), 蟻 _ (Tn)) is the best. The linear fitting relationship between BP index and 蟻 ~ (2) Bod _ (5) (EC) is the best. (2) BMWP index is the best indicator for river health. The correlation between BMWP and B-IBI index is the most significant. The results of health assessment of BMWP index and B-IBI index are most close. In the assessment of water quality of Hun Tai River basin, BMWP index should be used as the first rapid biological evaluation index. In addition, the BMWP index can better indicate organic pollution, eutrophication and total dissolved solid pollution in water. Health assessment results for biodiversity and habitat heterogeneity also showed that, in the Taizi River sampling site, The percentage of excellent sample points is 30.5%, the proportion of good samples is 15.2cm, the percentage of general samples is 21.7g, the proportion of poor samples is 10.9, the proportion of extremely bad samples is 21.7.The research provides a proof for the application of rapid biological evaluation method in China. It provides technical support for rapid biological monitoring and assessment in river health assessment at large watershed scale.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：X825

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 李麗娟;金文;王博涵;項(xiàng)珍龍;殷旭旺;徐宗學(xué);張遠(yuǎn);;太子河河岸帶土地利用類型與硅藻群落結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系[J];環(huán)境科學(xué)研究;2015年11期

2 孫偉勝;顧錢洪;董靜;程清清;李學(xué)軍;張曼;;淮河流域板橋水庫(kù)大型底棲動(dòng)物群落結(jié)構(gòu)及水質(zhì)生物學(xué)評(píng)價(jià)[J];應(yīng)用生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2015年09期

3 王莉;黃懿梅;丁瑤;肖禮;楊帆;;秦嶺北麓小流域地面水質(zhì)特征及農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染負(fù)荷[J];西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2015年01期

4 趙瑞;高欣;丁森;張遠(yuǎn);渠曉東;劉思思;;遼河流域大型底棲動(dòng)物耐污值[J];生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2015年14期

5 邢樹(shù)威;王俊才;丁振軍;姜永偉;;遼寧省大型底棲無(wú)脊椎動(dòng)物耐污值及水質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)[J];環(huán)境保護(hù)科學(xué);2013年03期

6 渠曉東;張遠(yuǎn);馬淑芹;趙瑞;孟偉;;太子河流域大型底棲動(dòng)物群落結(jié)構(gòu)空間分布特征[J];環(huán)境科學(xué)研究;2013年05期

7 王艷杰;李法云;范志平;程志輝;張建祺;;大型底棲動(dòng)物在水生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康評(píng)價(jià)中的應(yīng)用[J];氣象與環(huán)境學(xué)報(bào);2012年05期

8 渠曉東;劉志剛;張遠(yuǎn);;標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化方法篩選參照點(diǎn)構(gòu)建大型底棲動(dòng)物生物完整性指數(shù)[J];生態(tài)學(xué)報(bào);2012年15期

9 耿世偉;渠曉東;張遠(yuǎn);林坤德;;大型底棲動(dòng)物生物評(píng)價(jià)指數(shù)比較與應(yīng)用[J];環(huán)境科學(xué);2012年07期

10 丁森;張遠(yuǎn);渠曉東;孔維靜;劉思思;孟偉;;影響太子河流域魚(yú)類空間分布的不同尺度環(huán)境因子分析[J];環(huán)境科學(xué);2012年07期

，

本文編號(hào)：1499239