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  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 河流健康 快速生物評價 河流管理 BMWP指數(shù)　出處：《山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：河流健康是河流管理的重要評價基礎(chǔ)。河流健康評價方法主要有物理評價方法、化學評價方法、生物評價方法以及綜合評價方法,而生物評價方法目前應(yīng)用比較廣泛。在生物評價中,生物指數(shù)法是最常用的評價方法,根據(jù)物種的特性及出現(xiàn)與否,通過簡單的數(shù)字表達外界脅迫因子對河流健康的影響程度。而在生物類群中,大型底棲動物具有豐富的物種多樣性,并且易于采集和鑒定,本身生活史比較長,活動能力差,能夠持續(xù)反應(yīng)一段時間內(nèi)外界脅迫因子對水環(huán)境的影響情況,因此本文選用大型底棲動物作為河流健康評價的目標評價生物。在國內(nèi)外河流健康評價中,以大型底棲動物為基礎(chǔ)構(gòu)建的快速生物評價指數(shù)主要包括敏感型指數(shù)、耐污型指數(shù)以及多樣性指數(shù)。相比較其他指數(shù),快速生物評價指數(shù)因其省時、省力,且能有效表征河流健康狀況,具有明顯優(yōu)勢。但在國內(nèi)尚未進行較好的驗證,因此本研究通過對比多種快速生物評價指數(shù),比較其適用性,主要得到了以下幾個結(jié)論:1)不同快速生物評價指數(shù)具有較高的相關(guān)性,但快速生物評價指數(shù)對不同水質(zhì)的指示性具有較大差異。各快速生物評價指數(shù)均可以有效指示水環(huán)境中的有機污染和NH3-N污染。對于不同快速生物評價指數(shù)而言,BMWP指數(shù)與ρ(CODMn)、ρ(NH3-N)、ρ(TN)的線性擬合關(guān)系最好,BP指數(shù)與ρ(BOD5)、EC的線性擬合關(guān)系最好。2)BMWP指數(shù)對河流健康的指示性最強。BMWP與B-IBI指數(shù)的相關(guān)性最為顯著,并且BMWP指數(shù)與B-IBI指數(shù)的健康評價結(jié)果最為接近。在渾太河流域河流水質(zhì)狀況評估中,BMWP指數(shù)應(yīng)當作為首選快速生物評價指數(shù),可達到既快速又準確的效果。3)BMWP指數(shù)除可以較好的指示水體中有機污染、富營養(yǎng)化以及總?cè)芙庑怨腆w污染,對生物多樣性以及棲息地異質(zhì)性也具有很好的指示作用。4)健康評估結(jié)果顯示,太子河采樣點中,極好樣點占比30.5%,良好樣點占比15.2%,一般樣點占比21.7%,差樣點占比10.9%,極差樣點占比21.7%。本研究為快速生物評價方法在國內(nèi)的應(yīng)用提供了驗證,為大流域尺度下河流健康評估過程中開展快速生物監(jiān)測與評估提供一定的技術(shù)支撐。
[Abstract]:River health is an important evaluation basis of river management. The methods of river health evaluation include physical evaluation method, chemical evaluation method, biological evaluation method and comprehensive evaluation method. In biological evaluation, biological index method is the most commonly used evaluation method, according to the characteristics of species and their appearance or not, The effects of external stress factors on river health are expressed by simple numbers. In biological groups, macrobenthos are rich in species diversity, easy to collect and identify, and have a long life history and poor mobility. The effect of external stress factors on water environment can be sustained for a period of time. In this paper, macrobenthos are chosen as the target organisms for river health assessment. The rapid biological evaluation index based on macrobenthos mainly includes sensitive index, pollution resistance index and diversity index. Compared with other indexes, rapid biological evaluation index saves time and effort. It has obvious advantages, but it has not been verified well in our country. Therefore, this study compares the applicability of several rapid biological evaluation indexes. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) different rapid biological evaluation indexes have high correlation. However, the rapid biological assessment index has a great difference on the indicator of different water quality. Each rapid biological assessment index can effectively indicate organic pollution and NH3-N pollution in the water environment. The linear fitting relationship between the index and 蟻 (CODMnI), 蟻 (NH _ 3-N _ (+), 蟻 _ (Tn)) is the best. The linear fitting relationship between BP index and 蟻 ~ (2) Bod _ (5) (EC) is the best. (2) BMWP index is the best indicator for river health. The correlation between BMWP and B-IBI index is the most significant. The results of health assessment of BMWP index and B-IBI index are most close. In the assessment of water quality of Hun Tai River basin, BMWP index should be used as the first rapid biological evaluation index. In addition, the BMWP index can better indicate organic pollution, eutrophication and total dissolved solid pollution in water. Health assessment results for biodiversity and habitat heterogeneity also showed that, in the Taizi River sampling site, The percentage of excellent sample points is 30.5%, the proportion of good samples is 15.2cm, the percentage of general samples is 21.7g, the proportion of poor samples is 10.9, the proportion of extremely bad samples is 21.7.The research provides a proof for the application of rapid biological evaluation method in China. It provides technical support for rapid biological monitoring and assessment in river health assessment at large watershed scale.
【學位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：X825

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