本文關(guān)鍵詞： 富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化 新立城水庫(kù) 水質(zhì)指標(biāo) 營(yíng)養(yǎng)物標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 季節(jié)性變化　出處：《東北電力大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：湖庫(kù)水體富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化問題已經(jīng)成為我國(guó)乃至世界最突出的水環(huán)境問題之一,我國(guó)湖庫(kù)數(shù)量眾多、地域分布廣泛、湖庫(kù)所處地區(qū)氣候差異大,不同區(qū)域湖庫(kù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)差異顯著,水體存在的問題以及治理方案也存在明顯的區(qū)域性差異。湖泊/水庫(kù)的富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化問題主要源于氮磷營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽的大量輸入而引藻類過度生長(zhǎng),限制營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽排放的最根本的解決辦法是制定相應(yīng)指標(biāo)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。本研究以長(zhǎng)春市的重要飲用水源地新立城水庫(kù)為例,在分析十二五期間(2011-2015年)水庫(kù)的8個(gè)水質(zhì)指標(biāo):水溫(Water Temperature,WT)、pH、溶解氧(Dissolved Oxygen,DO)、透明度(Secchi Depth,SD)、總磷(Total Phosphorus,TP)、總氮(Total Nitrogen,TN)、高錳酸鹽指數(shù)(Permanganate Index,PMI)和葉綠素a(Chlorophyll-a,Chl-a)的變化規(guī)律與趨勢(shì)的基礎(chǔ)上,對(duì)富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化水平進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià);并進(jìn)一步利用相關(guān)性分析和多元逐步回歸分析對(duì)水體中Chl-a濃度與理化因子的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了探討;基于國(guó)際Chl-a濃度分級(jí)法與基于營(yíng)養(yǎng)物基準(zhǔn)方法分別制定新立城水庫(kù)春季、夏季與秋季的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物標(biāo)準(zhǔn);最后通過實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)所制定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。通過上述研究,得到以下主要結(jié)論:(1)新立城水庫(kù)TN在2011-2015年變化范圍在0.47~3.76 mg/L之間,平均值為1.61mg/L,超標(biāo)率為68%,季節(jié)分布規(guī)律為春季夏季秋季;TP變化范圍在0.02~0.09 mg/L之間,平均值為0.04 mg/L,超標(biāo)率為35%,沒有明顯的季節(jié)性變化規(guī)律,2015年出現(xiàn)峰值;TN/TP變化范圍為6.0~193.0之間,平均值為47.1,因此P營(yíng)養(yǎng)鹽是新立城水庫(kù)的營(yíng)養(yǎng)限制因子;Chl-a變化范圍在2.55~26.54μg/L之間,呈明顯的季節(jié)分布,即秋季夏季春季;應(yīng)用綜合營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài)指數(shù)法評(píng)價(jià)水庫(kù)的結(jié)果表明,全庫(kù)基本處于輕度富營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài)。(2)相關(guān)性分析和多元逐步回歸分析結(jié)果表明,WT和TP為影響春季浮游植物生長(zhǎng)的主要環(huán)境因子,因此,應(yīng)合理規(guī)劃土地,最大限度的控制地表徑流帶來的農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染,并在農(nóng)田排水的入庫(kù)口處種植凈水植被等,加強(qiáng)磷排放量的控制和湖庫(kù)凈化帶的建設(shè);PMI為夏季浮游植物生長(zhǎng)模型的主要環(huán)境因子,因此,夏季應(yīng)嚴(yán)格控制有機(jī)物的輸入量,嚴(yán)格管制水庫(kù)排放源,尤其是新立城水庫(kù)上游匯水區(qū)伊通縣內(nèi)的生產(chǎn)和生活排污;TP為影響秋季浮游植物生長(zhǎng)的主要環(huán)境因子,此時(shí)TP的主要來源為農(nóng)田以及村屯畜牧和生活污染物進(jìn)入水庫(kù),需嚴(yán)格控制TP排入水體,必要時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)水庫(kù)進(jìn)行底泥清淤等方法進(jìn)行富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化的控制�？傮w來看,影響新立城水庫(kù)Chl-a濃度的主要環(huán)境因子為:WT、TP和PMI。(3)基于國(guó)際Chl-a分級(jí)法制定了新立城水庫(kù)春季、夏季及秋季富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)所得到的TP控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值分別為0.044 mg/L、0.030 mg/L與0.052 mg/L。通過基于營(yíng)養(yǎng)物基準(zhǔn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定方法,新立城水庫(kù)春季、夏季與秋季的TP控制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值分別為0.038 mg/L、0.047mg/L與0.032 mg/L。總體來看,兩種方法各有優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),國(guó)際Chl-a分級(jí)法較適合制定某一湖庫(kù)營(yíng)養(yǎng)物標(biāo)準(zhǔn),而當(dāng)所制定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)需要指導(dǎo)本區(qū)域湖庫(kù)富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化管理時(shí),適合應(yīng)用基于營(yíng)養(yǎng)物基準(zhǔn)制定的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。(4)經(jīng)過實(shí)驗(yàn)室模擬新立城水庫(kù)春季、夏季及秋季水環(huán)境狀況,對(duì)本研究制定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,得出春季、夏季與秋季TP的富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化標(biāo)準(zhǔn)限值分別為0.038 mg/L、0.030 mg/L和0.052 mg/L。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,相對(duì)于基于營(yíng)養(yǎng)物基準(zhǔn)法制定的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物標(biāo)準(zhǔn),國(guó)際Chl-a分級(jí)法制定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)更加適用于夏季與秋季,基于營(yíng)養(yǎng)物基準(zhǔn)法制定的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物標(biāo)準(zhǔn)適合應(yīng)用于春季。但是兩種方法所制定的春季TP標(biāo)準(zhǔn)較為接近,因此,基于國(guó)際Chl-a分級(jí)法制定營(yíng)養(yǎng)物標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方法相對(duì)適合應(yīng)用于本區(qū)域湖庫(kù)營(yíng)養(yǎng)物標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的研究。在今后的湖庫(kù)營(yíng)養(yǎng)物標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的研究與制定過程中應(yīng)盡可能多的收集有效的數(shù)據(jù),提高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)制定的準(zhǔn)確性。同時(shí),在實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證的過程中要在現(xiàn)場(chǎng)進(jìn)行實(shí)地實(shí)驗(yàn),與當(dāng)?shù)氐臍夂驐l件一致,才能更加科學(xué)的對(duì)所制定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。
[Abstract]:The water eutrophication problem has become one of the problems of water environment in China and even the world's most prominent, China's large number of lakes, wide geographical distribution, Lake area climate differences, regional differences in lake ecosystem significantly, water problems and governance programs also have obvious regional differences a lot of input. Lake / reservoir eutrophication problem is mainly due to nitrogen and phosphorus caused excessive algae growth, the most fundamental solution limiting nutrient emissions is to formulate the corresponding index standard. In this study, Changchun city is an important source of drinking water in Xinlicheng Reservoir as an example, in the analysis of 12th Five-Year (2011-2015) 8 water quality parameters of reservoir water temperature (Water: Temperature, WT, pH), dissolved oxygen (Dissolved Oxygen, DO (Secchi), Depth, SD) transparency, TP (Total Phosphorus, TP), total nitrogen (Total, Nitrogen, TN), high manganese Acid salt index (Permanganate Index, PMI) and chlorophyll a (Chlorophyll-a, Chl-a) based on the variation and trend, the eutrophication level was evaluated; and further the use of correlation analysis and multivariate stepwise regression analysis of Chl-a in water concentration and chemical factors discussed the relationship between the concentration of Chl-a; based on the classification method and reference methods were developed based on nutrient Xinlicheng Reservoir in spring, summer and autumn nutrient standards; through the experiment of the criterion is verified. Through the above research, the main conclusions are as follows: (1) Xinlicheng Reservoir TN changes in 2011-2015 years in the range of 0.47~3.76 between mg/L, the average the value is 1.61mg/L, exceed the standard rate of 68%, the seasonal distribution of spring summer autumn; TP changes in the range of 0.02~0.09 between mg/L, the average value was 0.04 mg/L, exceed the standard rate of 35%, there is no obvious seasonal variation The law, the peak value appeared in 2015; the TN/TP range is between 6.0~193.0, the average value is 47.1, so P nutrients are the nutritional limiting factors in Xinlicheng Reservoir; the change of Chl-a in the range of 2.55~26.54 g/L, showed a significant seasonal distribution, namely spring summer autumn; application of comprehensive nutrition state index of the reservoir evaluation results show that the whole library in mild eutrophic state. (2) the correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis showed that WT and TP as the main environmental factors affecting the growth of phytoplankton in spring, therefore, should be the rational planning of land, agricultural non-point source pollution control surface runoff to the greatest extent brought about, and in the storage of farmland drainage mouth planting vegetation water, strengthen the phosphorus emission control and purification of lake and reservoir zone construction; the main environmental factors, PMI for the summer phytoplankton growth model, therefore, the summer should strictly control the transport of organic matter The amount, the strict control of reservoir emission sources, especially the Xinlicheng Reservoir upstream catchment area of Yitong County in the production and living sewage; TP is the main environmental factors affecting the growth of phytoplankton in the autumn, the main source of TP for farmland and villages of animal husbandry and life of pollutants into the water reservoir, the need to strictly control the TP discharged into the water, when necessary to deal with the reservoir sediment dredging method for eutrophication control. Overall, the main environmental factors affecting the Xinlicheng Reservoir Chl-a concentration: WT, TP and PMI. (3) Chl-a International Classification for the preparation of Xinlicheng Reservoir Based on spring, summer and autumn eutrophication evaluation criteria by TP control the standard values were 0.044 mg/L, 0.030 mg/L and 0.052 mg/L. by the method of making nutrient criteria based on Xinlicheng Reservoir in spring, summer and autumn TP control standard values were 0.038 mg/L and 0. 0.047mg/L. 032 mg/L. overall, two methods have advantages and disadvantages, the Chl-a classification method is more suitable for a standard nutrient lake library, while the standards set by the need to guide the regional eutrophication management, suitable nutrient criteria set nutrient criteria based on (4) through laboratory simulation. Xinlicheng Reservoir in spring, summer and autumn water environment status, the research standard to verify that spring limit were 0.038 mg/L standard of eutrophication in summer and autumn, TP, 0.030 mg/L and 0.052 mg/L. from the experimental results show that the phase reference method for nutrient nutrient standards based on the standard the international Chl-a classification method is more suitable for summer and autumn, used in spring for nutrient criteria were set up based on the nutrient standards. But the two methods developed by the spring TP standard is close, therefore, based on the country Research on the regional standard nutrient lake reservoir is relatively suitable for the Chl-a grading method of nutrient standard method. Should collect as many effective data research and development process in the lake nutrient criteria in the future, improve the accuracy of standard. At the same time, in the experimental process to the field experiment in the field, consistent with the local climatic conditions, can be more scientific to the standards set by the verification.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X524

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