本文關鍵詞： 量子點 納米粒子 熒光檢測 分子印跡 對硝基苯酚 銅離子　出處：《山東師范大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：近年來,環(huán)境中硝基酚類持久性污染物以及重金屬污染等問題日益嚴重,對人們的健康造成嚴重威脅,因此相應的分析檢測手段的發(fā)展顯得尤為重要。半導體納米晶體量子點,具有光穩(wěn)定性好、尺寸可控、量子產(chǎn)率高、表面可進一步修飾等特點,在熒光傳感分析領域中廣泛應用。本文制備了兩種基于量子點的新型熒光納米粒子,應用于環(huán)境中污染物的識別和檢測。主要內(nèi)容如下:(1)基于量子點分子印跡的熒光納米粒子用于檢測環(huán)境水樣中的對硝基苯酚利用簡單的一鍋法表面印跡技術,制備出熒光印跡納米粒子。2-氨基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯鹽酸鹽首先吸附在羧基化的CdTe量子點表面,修飾后的量子點既可作為支持材料同時也是熒光信號源。通過自由基聚合過程直接在量子點表面形成超薄的印跡殼層,去除模板分子對硝基苯酚后,得到表面具有大量特異性識別位點的熒光印跡納米粒子,能夠實現(xiàn)對于目標物高靈敏度和選擇性的特異性識別與檢測,檢測限為0.05μmol/L。應用于海水和湖水中對硝基苯酚的檢測,回收率在93 109%之間,相對標準偏差在3.1 4.8%之內(nèi),該傳感器在環(huán)境水樣中對硝基苯酚的分析方面有良好的應用前景。(2)功能型ZnS:Mn~(2+)量子點納米粒子的制備及其對Cu~(2+)離子的檢測設計了一種新型的量子點納米粒子用于Cu~(2+)離子的比率傳感檢測。首先利用簡單的水熱法合成摻雜Mn~(2+)的ZnS量子點,量子點光學性質穩(wěn)定,具有雙熒光發(fā)射峰。以L-半胱氨酸(L-cys)和6-巰基煙酸(MNA)對ZnS:Mn~(2+)量子點表面進行修飾后,由于二者能夠與Cu~(2+)離子發(fā)生金屬螯合作用,實現(xiàn)可視化比率檢測銅離子。隨著Cu~(2+)離子濃度的不斷增加,納米探針熒光顏色可以觀察到由橙紅到紫色的明顯變化,在5-500 nmol/L的濃度范圍呈良好的線性關系,最低檢測限可達到1.2 nmol/L,并且對于其它共存離子具有較強的抗干擾能力,是一種能夠快速、高效地實現(xiàn)銅離子檢測的新型傳感方法。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the problems of nitrophenol persistent pollutants and heavy metal pollution in the environment are becoming more and more serious, which pose a serious threat to people's health. Therefore, the development of corresponding analytical and detection methods is particularly important. Semiconductor nanocrystalline quantum dots have the characteristics of good optical stability, controllable size, high quantum yield and surface modification. It is widely used in the field of fluorescence sensing. In this paper, two novel fluorescent nanoparticles based on quantum dots have been prepared. For the identification and detection of pollutants in the environment. The main contents are as follows: 1). Fluorescent nanoparticles based on quantum dot molecular imprinting were used to detect p-nitrophenol in environmental water samples using a simple one-pot surface imprinting technique. Fluorescent imprinted nanoparticles. 2-aminoethyl methacrylate hydrochloride was firstly adsorbed on the surface of carboxylated CdTe quantum dots. The modified QDs can be used as both a supporting material and a fluorescent signal source. Through the free radical polymerization process, ultrathin imprinted shell layer was formed on the surface of the QDs, and the template molecule p-nitrophenol was removed. Fluorescent imprinted nanoparticles with a large number of specific recognition sites on the surface were obtained, which can be used to identify and detect the target materials with high sensitivity and selectivity. The detection limit was 0. 05 渭 mol / L. The method was applied to the determination of p-nitrophenol in seawater and lake water. The recovery was between 93 ~ 109% and the relative standard deviation was within 3. 1 ~ 4.8%. The sensor has a good application prospect in the analysis of p-nitrophenol in environmental water samples. (2) functional ZnS:Mn~(2) preparation of quantum dot nanoparticles and their effects on Cu~(2). A new type of quantum dot nanocrystalline was designed to detect the ratio of Cu~(2 ions. Firstly, ZnS quantum dots doped with Mn~(2 were synthesized by a simple hydrothermal method. The optical properties of QDs are stable and have double fluorescence emission peaks. The surface of QDs is modified by L-cys-L-cys) and 6-mercaptonicotinic acid (MNA). Because of the metal chelation between the two ions and the Cu~(2) ion, the visible ratio of copper ion can be detected. With the increasing of Cu~(2 ion concentration. The fluorescence color of the nanoprobe can be observed from orange red to purple, and there is a good linear relationship in the concentration range of 5-500 nmol/L. The minimum detection limit can reach 1.2 nmol / L and has strong anti-interference ability for other coexisting ions. It is a new sensing method which can detect copper ions quickly and efficiently.
【學位授予單位】：山東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X830;O657.3

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本文編號：1472597