本文關(guān)鍵詞： 貝殼粉 文石 方解石 吸附 含鎘污水　出處：《沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：水資源在我們的生活中至關(guān)重要,而我國水資源現(xiàn)狀卻不容樂觀。隨著社會的進(jìn)步和人類活動的影響,大量污水和廢棄物排入河流,污染物的量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)的超過水資源的自凈能力,導(dǎo)致水體被嚴(yán)重。目前,水體污染中重金屬污染最為嚴(yán)重,特別是重金屬鎘,水體中的鎘不僅會對水生生物的生存產(chǎn)生影響,還會因為污水灌溉和蒸騰作用等,進(jìn)入到農(nóng)作物中,甚至還會通過食物鏈進(jìn)入人體內(nèi)。目前,針對含鎘廢水的處理方法包括化學(xué)沉淀法、吸附法、離子交換法等。本文主要采用吸附法,以貝殼粉吸附Cd~(2+)為研究內(nèi)容,通過靜態(tài)吸附實驗研究了時間、溫度、初始濃度、pH對貝殼粉吸附鎘能力的影響,同時系統(tǒng)比較了不同貝殼粉吸附Cd~(2+)的熱力學(xué)和動力學(xué)特性。研究結(jié)果如下:(1)依據(jù)XRD衍射圖譜供試貝殼粉分為文石型和方解石型兩類。蟶子粉、文蛤粉、螃蟹粉、海螺粉、海虹粉、白蜆粉、鮑魚粉和毛蚶殼粉為文石型;牡蠣粉和扇貝粉為方解石型。(2)靜態(tài)吸附結(jié)果表明,在溶液鎘離子濃度為1OOmg·L-1,振蕩24小時的室溫條件下,文石型貝殼粉對Cd~(2+)的吸附能力顯著高于方解石型貝殼粉,而在文石型貝殼中的吸附也存在較大差異,其中海虹和毛蚶殼粉對Cd~(2+)的吸附性能最強。文石型貝殼粉對水溶液中Cd~(2+)的飽和吸附量為145.8mg.kg~(-1)-197.8mg·kg~(-1),方解石型貝殼粉的飽和吸附量為 29.19 mg·kg~(-1)-30.01 mg kg~(-1)。(3)貝殼粉吸附Cd~(2+)分為快速吸附期和飽和期兩個時期。溶液的pH值對貝殼粉吸附Cd~(2+)的影響顯著,方解石型貝殼粉和文石型貝殼粉二者均在pH值為4.7-5.0時吸附效果最佳,同時,離子濃度的增加會使交換容量增加。(4)分別用Langmuir、Freundlich和Temkin三種模型與擬合的貝殼粉吸附Cd~(2+)的熱力學(xué)模型相比,發(fā)現(xiàn)貝殼粉對水溶液中Cd~(2+)的吸附反應(yīng)過程為單分子層吸附反應(yīng),通過其反應(yīng)的吉布斯自由能和熵值證明,該反應(yīng)為放熱反應(yīng);動力學(xué)分為快速吸附和平衡階段,快速吸附階段也較好得符合Lagergren準(zhǔn)一級動力學(xué)模型而吸附全過程符合Ho準(zhǔn)二級動力學(xué)模型。說明貝殼粉吸附重金屬鎘并不是單純的物理吸附。
[Abstract]:Water resources are of great importance in our life, but the present situation of water resources in our country is not optimistic. With the progress of society and the influence of human activities, a great deal of sewage and waste are discharged into rivers. The amount of pollutants is far beyond the self-purification capacity of water resources, resulting in serious water. At present, heavy metal pollution is the most serious in water pollution, especially cadmium. Cadmium in water will not only have an impact on the survival of aquatic organisms, but also because of sewage irrigation and transpiration, into crops, or even through the food chain into the human body. The treatment methods of wastewater containing cadmium include chemical precipitation method, adsorption method, ion exchange method, etc. In this paper, adsorption method and shell powder adsorption of Cd~(2) are used as the research contents. The effects of time, temperature and initial concentration of pH on the adsorption capacity of cadmium from shell powder were studied by static adsorption experiments. At the same time, the thermodynamic and kinetic characteristics of different shell powder adsorbing Cd~(2) were compared systematically. The results are as follows: 1). According to the XRD diffraction pattern, the shell powder was divided into two types: the clonstone type and the calcite type. Clam powder, crab powder, conch powder, sea rainbow powder, white clam powder, abalone powder and clam powder are of the type of wormstone; The static adsorption results of oyster powder and scallop powder are calcite type. The results show that the concentration of cadmium ion in the solution is 1 OOmg 路L -1 and oscillate at room temperature for 24 hours. The adsorptive capacity of Cd~(2 was significantly higher than that of calcite shell powder, and there was a great difference in the adsorption ability between the clondite shell powder and the calcite shell powder. Among them, the adsorption capacity of sea rainbow and clam clam powder to Cd~(2 was the strongest, and the saturated adsorption capacity of aragonite shell powder to Cd~(2 in aqueous solution was 145.8 mg 路kg ~ (-1) 路kg ~ (-1)). (-197.8mg 路kg ~ (-1)). The saturated adsorption capacity of calcite shell powder is 29.19 mg 路kg~(-1)-30.01 mg 路kg ~ (-1) 路L ~ (3)) Cd~(2). The pH value of the solution has a significant effect on the adsorption of Cd~(2 by shell powder. Calcite shell powder and aragonite shell powder both have the best adsorption effect when pH is 4.7-5.0. The exchange capacity increased with the increase of ion concentration. 4) Langmuir was used separately. The Freundlich and Temkin models were compared with the fitted thermodynamic model of shell powder adsorption of Cd~(2. It was found that the adsorption process of shell powder to Cd~(2 in aqueous solution was monolayer adsorption. The Gibbs free energy and entropy of the reaction proved that the reaction was an exothermic reaction. The kinetics can be divided into two stages: rapid adsorption and equilibrium. The rapid adsorption stage also accords with the Lagergren quasi-first-order kinetic model and the whole adsorption process with Ho quasi-second-order kinetic model, which indicates that the adsorption of heavy metal cadmium by shell powder is not a simple physical adsorption.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：沈陽農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X53

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