本文關(guān)鍵詞： 水生動(dòng)植物 生物質(zhì)焦 富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化園林水體 水質(zhì)凈化　出處：《仲愷農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)院》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：園林水景日益普及,但園林水景維護(hù)中常面臨繁瑣的除塵、除蚊蟲、除藻、植物養(yǎng)護(hù)等工作,加之水景維護(hù)與水質(zhì)保持費(fèi)用高及技術(shù)難等因素,大量水體成為一潭死水,甚至干脆排干。鑒于目前水景建造多以水生草本植物為主,而水生木本植物顯而易見無需高養(yǎng)護(hù),對(duì)水景建設(shè)更為有利。本研究,以適生的水生木本植物為主,配以適宜的水生草本植物、水生動(dòng)物及作為污染物吸附和植物支撐介質(zhì)的高吸附性生物質(zhì)焦,建立近自然的凈水生態(tài)組合系統(tǒng),以期為園林水體的水質(zhì)凈化、水景營(yíng)造以及受污染水體生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的恢復(fù)提供技術(shù)支持和理論參考。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1.11種木本植物對(duì)富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化園林水體具有一定的凈化效果。以水翁(Cleistocalyx operculatus)、秋楓(Bischofia javanica)、鐵冬青(Ilex rotunda)、穗花棋盤腳(Barringtonia racemosa)、串錢柳(Callistemon viminalis)、水石榕(Elaeocarpus hainanensis)、尖葉杜英(Elaeocarpus apiculatus)、烏桕(Sapium sebiferum)、黃金香柳(Melaleuca bracteata)、水杉(Metasequoia glyptostroboides)、風(fēng)箱樹(Cephalanthus tetrandrus)11種木本植物為試驗(yàn)材料。結(jié)果表明,秋楓對(duì)污水中總氮(TN)、總磷(TP)、氨氮(NH4+-N)的凈化效果最好,去除率分別為52.2%、28.8%、36.3%;串錢柳對(duì)水體中TN、TP凈化效果僅次于秋楓,去除率分別為51.9%、25.6%;而風(fēng)箱樹對(duì)污水中化學(xué)需氧量(COD)和色度的吸附效果較好,其去除率分別可達(dá)28.7%、32.6%。因此,秋楓、串錢柳和風(fēng)箱樹可作為水體凈化的優(yōu)先選擇,其次是水石榕、穗花棋盤腳、尖葉杜英、鐵冬青、水翁、黃金香柳、烏桕、水杉。2.8種水生草本植物對(duì)富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化水體均有一定凈化作用,但凈化效率差異較大。以蜘蛛蘭(Hymenocallis littoralis)、呰草(Scirpus triqueter)、梭魚草(Pontederia cordata)、鳶尾(Iris germanica)、香菇草(Hydrocotyle vulgaris)、水蓑衣(Hygrophila salicifolia)、苦草(Vallisneria natans)、黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)8種常見的水生草本植物進(jìn)行凈水性試驗(yàn)。經(jīng)過10d處理,與對(duì)照相比,水蓑衣對(duì)水體中TN、TP、COD、NH4+-N、色度的去除效果較好,去除率分別為50.3%、25.4%、38.5%、23.5%、27.9%;鳶尾、蜘蛛蘭和苦草對(duì)TN的去除效果次之,去除率為44%、39.1%、37.4%;呰草去除TP效果僅次于水蓑衣,去除率為20.6%。綜合各植物對(duì)各項(xiàng)水質(zhì)指標(biāo)的去除效果,水蓑衣可作為水體凈化的優(yōu)選水生草本材料,其次是鳶尾、蜘蛛蘭和苦草。3.4種水生動(dòng)物在富營(yíng)養(yǎng)水體中存活率均不同,且對(duì)水質(zhì)存在明顯影響。鰱魚(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)和食蚊魚(Gambusia affinis)在試驗(yàn)結(jié)束時(shí)已全部死亡,叉尾斗魚(Macropodus opercularis)和中華圓田螺(Cipangopaludina cahayensis)均無死亡現(xiàn)象出現(xiàn)。隨著試驗(yàn)中鰱魚組和食蚊魚組的逐漸死亡,水中的TN、TP、NH4+-N濃度呈快速增長(zhǎng)的現(xiàn)象,其中對(duì)TN和NH4+-N的影響較大,試驗(yàn)結(jié)束時(shí)其濃度比初始值分別高出16.37~18.35mg/L、17.19~19.65mg/L。叉尾斗魚對(duì)污水有較強(qiáng)的適應(yīng)性,在吞食水中蚊子幼蟲的同時(shí),還能有效降低污水中TP、COD、NH4+-N、色素的濃度,其去除率分別可達(dá)15.5%、37%、40.8%、19.1%;而田螺對(duì)降低水中pH、色度值具有較好的作用,對(duì)污水COD也有較好的去除效果,其去除率為36.5%,接近叉尾斗魚的去除效率。因此,叉尾斗魚和田螺可優(yōu)選為水體凈化材料。4.水生動(dòng)植物組合凈化富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化園林水體效果良好,且組合系統(tǒng)中無蚊子幼蟲出現(xiàn)。在為期30d試驗(yàn)中,組合大幅度降低水體中TN、TP、COD、NH4+-N、亞硝態(tài)氮(NO2--N)、色素的濃度,去除率分別可達(dá)64.4%、49.5%、65.7%、73.8%、82.6%、68.9%,其中,TN、COD指標(biāo)均符合地表水Ⅳ類水標(biāo)準(zhǔn),而NH4+-N則符合Ⅱ類水要求。
[Abstract]:The landscape is becoming increasingly popular, but the waterscape maintenance often face red dust, in addition to mosquitoes, algae, plant maintenance work, coupled with the high cost of maintenance and maintaining the water quality features and technical difficulties and other factors, a large amount of water has become a pool of stagnant water, or simply drained. In view of the current construction of waterscape in aquatic herbs, and aquatic woody plants obviously without high maintenance, construction of waterscape more favorable. In this study, the suitability of aquatic woody plants mainly with aquatic herbs suitable plants, aquatic animal and plant as the pollutant adsorption and supporting medium high adsorption biomass, build water ecological system close to nature, to water quality for landscape water purification, waterscape and ecological system of polluted water to provide technical support and theoretical reference. The main results are as follows: 1.11 kinds of woody plants to eutrophication Garden water have purification effect. With water (Cleistocalyx operculatus), Weng Bischofia (Bischofia javanica), iron (Ilex rotunda), Holly Honoka (Barringtonia racemosa), foot board (Callistemon viminalis) on paliurus, Elaeocarpus hainanensis (Elaeocarpus hainanensis), Du Ying (Elaeocarpus apiculatus) pointed leaves, Chinese tallow (Sapium sebiferum (Melaleuca), gold Xiang Liu, bracteata) (Metasequoia glyptostroboides), Metasequoia buttonbush (Cephalanthus tetrandrus) 11 species of woody plants as test materials. The results show that the autumn maple of total nitrogen in sewage (TN), total phosphorus (TP), ammonia (NH4+-N) the best purification effect, the removal rate respectively. 52.2%, 28.8%, 36.3%; Qian Liu string for TN in water, TP purification effect only to the Bischofia, 25.6% removal rate is 51.9%; while, buttonbush of chemical oxygen demand in wastewater (COD) better adsorption effect and chroma, the removal rate can reach 28.7 32.6%.%, therefore, autumn maple, priority on money and Liu buttonbush can be used as water purification, followed by Hainan Elaeocarpus, Honoka board feet, Du Ying pointed leaves, Holly Cleistocalyx, iron, gold Xiang Liu,.2.8 Roxb, aquatic herb metasequosia on eutrophic water purification has certain effect. But the purification efficiency is different. (Hymenocallis, littoralis) in spider orchid Zi (Scirpus triqueter), grass (Pontederia cordata), pickerelweed iris (Iris germanica), letinous edodes (Hydrocotyle vulgaris), grass (Hygrophila salicifolia) hygrophila (Vallisneria natans), Vallisneria spiralis (Hydrilla verticillata), Hydrilla verticillata 8 common aquatic herbs plant water purification test. After 10d treatment, compared with control, hygrophila in water TN, TP, COD, NH4+-N, better removal effect of the chroma removal rate were 50.3%, 25.4%, 38.5%, 23.5%, 27.9%; iris, the removal of TN 6-BA and Vallisneria The effect of the removal rate was 44%, 39.1%, 37.4%; TP effect after water removal of Zi grass hemp fiber, the removal rate of 20.6%. comprehensive removal effect of each water quality index of each plant, preferably aquatic herbs can be used as water purification materials hygrophila, followed by iris,.3.4 and bitter grass spider orchid in the eutrophication of aquatic animal water survival rates were different, and has a significant impact on water quality. The silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) and mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) have all died at the end of the experiment, opercularis (Macropodus opercularis) and cipangopaludina (Cipangopaludina cahayensis) there was no death phenomenon. With the gradual death test in silver carp and mosquitofish group fish group, water TN, TP, NH4+-N concentration was the rapid growth of the phenomenon, which has great influence on TN and NH4+-N, at the end of the experiment, the concentration of 16.37~18.35mg/L was higher than the initial value of 17.1. 9~19.65mg/L. opercularis has strong adaptability to the sewage in the water, swallowed mosquito larvae at the same time, can effectively reduce the sewage in TP, COD, NH4+-N, pigment concentration, the removal rate can reach 15.5%, 37%, 40.8%, 19.1%; and to reduce water snail pH, chroma value has a good effect, can be removed good effect of sewage COD, its removal rate is 36.5%, the removal efficiency is close to opercularis. Therefore, opercularis and snail can be optimized for.4. water purification materials of aquatic animals and plants combined purifying eutrophic water gardens with good effect, and the combination of systems without the mosquito larvae. In a 30d test in combination greatly reduce the water TN, TP, COD, NH4+-N, nitrite nitrogen (NO2--N), pigment concentration, the removal rate could reach 64.4%, 49.5%, 65.7%, 73.8%, 82.6%, 68.9%, among them, TN, COD indicators are in line with the surface water standard IV, while NH4+-N is in accordance with the Class II water requirements.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：仲愷農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TU986.43;X52

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本文編號(hào)：1457676