本文關(guān)鍵詞： 黑臭污水治理 充氣 微生物 植物腐爛 溶解氧　出處：《南京大學》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：水體黑臭是水體有機污染的一種極端現(xiàn)象,是對水體極端污染狀態(tài)的一種描述,大多集中在城市范圍內(nèi)的河道與湖泊中,嚴重威脅湖泊自身生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康和周邊居民的飲用水安全。黑臭水體的治理成為一個亟待解決的問題,找尋簡單有效的治理方案至關(guān)重要。國內(nèi)外水質(zhì)生態(tài)修復的方法一般分為有物理方法、化學方法和生物-生態(tài)技術(shù),其中人工曝氣是施用靈活且得到諸多實踐運用的物理方法,化學方法一般作為應(yīng)急措施,生物-生態(tài)技術(shù)的核心作用是微生物分解或轉(zhuǎn)化作用與水生植物生長轉(zhuǎn)移富集營養(yǎng)物質(zhì),但是前人多集中于微生物與水生植物對水體產(chǎn)生的正向效應(yīng),對于微生物野外施用效果不穩(wěn)定及水生植物殘體的非物理手段處理研究不充分。本文對充氣復氧處理,投放環(huán)境微生物以及打撈植物殘體這幾種處理方法的交叉使用效果進行了比較研究。實驗以蘆葦作為植物殘體材料,選用TN濃度為21.35±1.25mg/L、TP濃度為7.99±0.57mg/L的黑臭水體,研究充氣條件下,微生物與植物殘體添加對黑臭水體的處理效果,實驗時間20d。處理方式分為充氣條件下的空白組(IA-0)、添加微生物(IA-M)、添加植物殘體(IA-P),添加微生物及植物殘體(IA-PM),與非充氣條件下的對應(yīng)處理組:NA-0、NA-M、NA-P、NA-PM。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn):(1)IA各組的TN濃度平均為3.85mg/L,TP平均為0.84mg/L,顯著低于NA各組的平均7.91mg/L與3.15mg/L,充氣條件可以顯著降低水體中TN與TP的濃度;(2)NA-P組的TP為3.57mg/L,顯著高于NA-0組的TP(1.91mg/L),NA-P組的ITN濃度也高于NA-0但不顯著;NA-PM組的TN為9.67mg/L,高于NA-P組,TP為3.55mg/L,與NA-P組基本持平;IA-P組的TN與TP為4mg/L與0.62mg/L,顯著降低于NA-P組;IA-P組的TN、TP濃度與IA-0組無顯著差異。研究結(jié)果顯示,水體中存在植物殘體會使水體中TN、TP濃度升高;如果系統(tǒng)內(nèi)溶解氧含量較低且有機質(zhì)豐富,直接使用微生物不能降低水體營養(yǎng)鹽濃度反而會使?jié)舛壬?充氣可以降低植物腐爛對水質(zhì)的影響,顯著降低水體中的營養(yǎng)鹽濃度;(3)NA-M組的TN與TP濃度分別為5.73mg/L與3.57mg/L,對比 NA-O 組的 TN(7.53mg/L)與 TP(1.91mg/L),TN 濃度降低,TP濃度升高。沒有產(chǎn)生預期中水體中的營養(yǎng)鹽濃度都顯著降低的效果;IA-M組的TN與TP為3mg/L與0.51mg/L顯著低于NA-M組;與IA-0組比較,IA-M組的TN、TP去除率從82.2%、91%上升至86.7%、93.9%。說明,好氧條件下微生物可以顯著降低水體TN、TP指標,充氣復氧疊加添加微生物處理相比于充氣復氧的處理效果,水體中TN、TP等水質(zhì)指標的濃度更低。
[Abstract]:Black and smelly water is an extreme phenomenon of organic pollution of water body. It is a description of the extreme pollution state of water body. It is mostly concentrated in the river and lake in the city scope. It is a serious threat to the health of the lake ecosystem and the drinking water safety of the surrounding residents. The treatment of the black and smelly water becomes an urgent problem to be solved. It is very important to find simple and effective treatment schemes. The methods of ecological restoration of water quality at home and abroad are generally divided into physical method, chemical method and bio-ecological technology. Artificial aeration is a kind of physical method which is used flexibly and has been used in practice. Chemical method is generally used as an emergency measure. The core role of bio-ecological technology is the decomposition or transformation of microorganisms and the transfer of aquatic plants to enrich nutrients, but most of the previous people concentrated on the positive effects of microorganisms and aquatic plants on the water body. The effect of microbial field application is unstable and the non-physical treatment of aquatic plant residues is not sufficient. This paper deals with aerated reoxygenation treatment. The cross application effects of environmental microorganism and salvage plant residue were compared. Reed was used as the material of plant residue. The black and smelly water with TN concentration of 21.35 鹵1.25 mg / L and TP concentration of 7.99 鹵0.57 mg / L was used to study the condition of aeration. The treatment effect of microorganism and plant residue on black and smelly water was 20 days. The treatment method was divided into blank group (IA-0) and microorganism (IA-M) under the condition of aeration. The addition of IA-PU, microorganism and plant residue IA-PMN was compared with that of the corresponding treatment group under non-aerated condition: 1. NA-0 and NA-MN NA-P. The results of NA-PM.The results showed that the average TN concentration of each group was 3.85 mg 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) mg 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) mg 路L ~ (-1). The concentrations of TN and TP were significantly lower than those of na groups (7.91 mg / L and 3.15 mg / L). The TP of NA-P group was 3.57 mg / L, which was significantly higher than that of NA-0 group (1.91 mg / L), and the ITN concentration of NA-P group was also higher than that of NA-0 group. The TN of NA-PM group was 9.67 mg / L, which was higher than that of NA-P group (3.55 mg / L), which was almost the same as that of NA-P group. The TN and TP of IA-P group were 4mg / L and 0.62mg / L, which were significantly lower than those of NA-P group. There was no significant difference between IA-P group and IA-0 group. If the dissolved oxygen content in the system is low and the organic matter is abundant, the direct use of microorganisms can not reduce the concentration of nutrients in the water body, but will make the concentration increase. Aeration can reduce the effect of plant decay on water quality and significantly reduce the concentration of nutrients in water. The concentrations of TN and TP in the NA-M group were 5.73 mg / L and 3.57 mg / L, respectively. The concentrations of TNN 7.53 mg / L and TPN 1.91 mg / L in NA-O group were lower than those in NA-O group. The increase of TP concentration did not produce the expected effect of significant decrease of nutrient concentration in water. TN and TP in IA-M group were significantly lower than those in NA-M group. Compared with IA-0 group, the removal rate of TNT in IA-M group increased from 82. 2% to 86. 7% and 93. 9%, indicating that microorganisms can significantly reduce TN in water body under aerobic condition. Compared with the treatment of aerated reoxygenation, the concentration of water quality indexes such as TNT TP was lower than that of aerated reoxygenation.
【學位授予單位】：南京大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X52;X17

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