發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-18 02:03

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：上海城市標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化菜場(chǎng)用水調(diào)查評(píng)價(jià)及其污染防治對(duì)策　出處：《華東師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 上海標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化菜場(chǎng) 用水現(xiàn)狀 污水水質(zhì) 固廢污染 防治對(duì)策

【摘要】：菜市場(chǎng)是城市重要的基礎(chǔ)服務(wù)設(shè)施。上海作為全國(guó)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化菜場(chǎng)示范工程試點(diǎn)城市之一,截至到2014年底,已經(jīng)建成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化菜場(chǎng)827家,目前承擔(dān)全市近80%的主副食品供應(yīng)任務(wù)。上海標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化菜場(chǎng)的數(shù)量逐年增長(zhǎng),但是菜場(chǎng)的規(guī)劃布局與環(huán)境管理仍然沿襲著舊的思維與模式。許多與新建居民小區(qū)相配套的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化菜場(chǎng),在投入使用后不久就垃圾遍地,污水橫流,散發(fā)著難聞的氣味,其環(huán)境污染問題日漸突出,已經(jīng)成為廣大市民關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)。本文依托教育部哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)研究重大課題攻關(guān)項(xiàng)目"節(jié)水型社會(huì)建設(shè)研究"(11JZD024),針對(duì)上海標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化菜場(chǎng)用水量較大、用水定額缺乏、污水種類較多、污水處理設(shè)施不完善、固體廢棄物產(chǎn)量較大、固體廢棄物回收利用率較低等環(huán)境問題,通過實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測(cè)、對(duì)比分析以及SPSS數(shù)理統(tǒng)計(jì)分析等方法,分別于2016年的6月份和12月份實(shí)地調(diào)研了上海20家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化菜場(chǎng)當(dāng)月的用水量;對(duì)齊河路菜場(chǎng)、古蓉菜場(chǎng)、云蓮菜場(chǎng)、曲陽(yáng)菜場(chǎng)、長(zhǎng)風(fēng)集貿(mào)市場(chǎng)、虹六菜場(chǎng)水產(chǎn)區(qū)用水、地面清潔用水、餐飲區(qū)用水3種不同用水類型的用水量進(jìn)行了調(diào)查;采集標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化菜場(chǎng)的水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖廢水、地面沖洗廢水以及水產(chǎn)宰殺洗滌污水水樣,實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測(cè)其氨氮、COD、BOD5、SS四項(xiàng)指標(biāo)濃度,分析菜場(chǎng)的污水水質(zhì);實(shí)地調(diào)研上海標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化菜場(chǎng)的固體廢棄物產(chǎn)量、固體廢棄物產(chǎn)污當(dāng)量、固體廢棄物收集方式以及固體廢棄物的處理處置過程,分析評(píng)價(jià)上海標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化菜場(chǎng)的固體廢棄物污染情況;從改造節(jié)水技術(shù)、制定用水定額、環(huán)保配套設(shè)施建設(shè)納入規(guī)劃布局、健全星級(jí)評(píng)定機(jī)制、公眾參與等角度考慮,探討了上海標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化菜場(chǎng)的節(jié)水與污染防治對(duì)策,以期為上海標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化菜場(chǎng)用水定額的制定提供相關(guān)依據(jù),為上海及其它地區(qū)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化菜場(chǎng)的節(jié)水和環(huán)境污染治理工作提供參考,對(duì)于解決當(dāng)前市民關(guān)心的菜場(chǎng)環(huán)境污染問題具有一定的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。論文的主要研究結(jié)論如下:(1)上海標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化菜場(chǎng)用水現(xiàn)狀:①用水水價(jià)不一,少數(shù)菜場(chǎng)水價(jià)執(zhí)行居民水價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn);②不同用水類型的用水量差異明顯,水產(chǎn)區(qū)用水占比約1/2,是菜場(chǎng)最主要的用水大戶,地面清潔用水量次之,餐飲區(qū)用水量較少;③調(diào)研的20家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化菜場(chǎng)6月的平均用水量為912m3,12月的平均用水量約705m3,6月平均用水量比12月多將近30%,季節(jié)性差異顯著;④標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化菜場(chǎng)月均用水量與菜場(chǎng)面積顯著正相關(guān),與菜場(chǎng)星級(jí)相關(guān)性不明顯。(2)上海標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化菜場(chǎng)用水總量估算:調(diào)研的20家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化菜場(chǎng)2016年的月均用水量取平均值為808.5m3/月,截至到2014年底,上海標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化菜場(chǎng)共約827家,初步估算得出上海標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化菜場(chǎng)2016年的用水量約為801.9萬m3,進(jìn)一步估算得出上海標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化菜場(chǎng)用水量約為25.6LL/(m2·d),這一數(shù)值可以為今后上海標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化菜場(chǎng)用水定額標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的制定提供相關(guān)依據(jù),為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化菜場(chǎng)的節(jié)水管理提供一定的參考。(3)上海標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化菜場(chǎng)污水水質(zhì):①?gòu)牡乇硭h(huán)境質(zhì)量V類水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來看,水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖廢水COD、BOD5超標(biāo);②從地表水環(huán)境質(zhì)量V類水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來看,地面沖洗廢水氨氮、COD、BOD5均超標(biāo);③從上海市污水排入城鎮(zhèn)下水道水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來看,水產(chǎn)宰殺洗滌污水COD超標(biāo),從地表水環(huán)境質(zhì)量V類水標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來看,水產(chǎn)宰殺洗滌污水氨氮、COD、BOD5均超標(biāo)。(4)上海標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化菜場(chǎng)固廢污染情況:①上海標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化菜場(chǎng)2016年6月份的日均固廢產(chǎn)量高于12月份;②日均固廢產(chǎn)量與面積顯著正相關(guān),與星級(jí)相關(guān)性不明顯;③從菜場(chǎng)規(guī)模來看,小型標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化菜場(chǎng)固廢產(chǎn)污治理更有效;④75%的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化菜場(chǎng)采用干濕分離的方式收集菜場(chǎng)垃圾,20%的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化菜場(chǎng)采用可回收、不可回收的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)收集菜場(chǎng)垃圾,5%的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化菜場(chǎng)垃圾混合收集;⑤菜場(chǎng)固體垃圾的處理處置:塑料制品填埋,廚余垃圾焚燒,果皮菜葉堆肥處理。
[Abstract]:The market is an important infrastructure of city services. One of the farms of Shanghai as the national standardization demonstration project pilot city, by the end of 2014, has built 827 standardized farms, currently bear the main food supply almost 80% of the city. The number of Shanghai standardized farms by years of growth, but the planning and environmental management in the food market still follow the old pattern of thinking and standardized farms. Many new residential areas matching, after putting into use soon garbage everywhere, open sewers, smelt, the environmental pollution problems have become increasingly prominent, has become the focus of public attention. Research on water-saving society construction based on the Ministry of Education research key projects of philosophy and Social Sciences "(11JZD024), according to the Shanghai standardized farms with large amount of water, lack of water quota, sewage type more, sewage treatment The imperfect infrastructure, solid waste recycling of solid waste in large quantities, low rate of environmental problems, through experimental testing, comparative analysis and SPSS statistical method, respectively in 2016 June and December survey of Shanghai 20 standardized farms monthly water consumption; on Qihe Road market, Gu Rong farms, cloud Quyang Changfeng lotus farms, farms, markets, water Hong six farms aquaculture area, ground water to clean water, dining area of 3 different types of water consumption were investigated; aquaculture wastewater collection standardized farms, ground water and aquatic slaughter washing sewage water samples, test the ammonia nitrogen, COD, BOD5 SS, four indicators of concentration, water quality analysis of sewage farms; a survey of the Shanghai standardized farms solid waste production, solid waste pollution equivalent, solid waste collection and Disposal of solid waste, solid waste pollution analysis and evaluation of Shanghai standardized farms; from the transformation of water-saving technologies, making water quota, environmental protection facilities into the planning layout, improve the star rating mechanism, public participation and other point of view, discusses the water saving and pollution prevention countermeasures of Shanghai standardized farms, in order to provide on the basis of relevant quota for the Shanghai standardized farms provide water, water saving and environmental pollution control work for standardized farms in Shanghai and other areas, has practical significance to solve the environmental pollution problem of the current market of public concern. The main conclusions of this thesis are as follows: (1) Shanghai standardized farms: water status water price is not the same, a few farms price execution residents tariff standards; the different water types with water differences, aquatic products accounted for about 1 of the water /2, the market is the main ground water, clean water time, less water consumption and dining area; 20 standard the research of the market in June the average water consumption for the average 912m3,12 month for about 705m3,6 months, the average water consumption of nearly 30% more than in December, seasonal difference is significant; standardized the market average monthly water consumption and the market is positively related with the market Star area, the correlation was not obvious. (2) estimated Shanghai standardized farms total water: 20 standard of farms in 2016 the average monthly water consumption averaged for 808.5m3/ months, by the end of 2014, Shanghai standardized farms a total of about 827. Preliminary estimates of Shanghai standardized farms in 2016 for about 8 million 19 thousand M3, further estimated Shanghai standardized farms with content of about 25.6LL/ (M2 - D), the value can be fixed standard for future Shanghai standardized farms water. For the basis, to provide a reference for water-saving management standardized farms. (3) Shanghai standardized farms sewage water quality: from the surface water environmental quality standard class V water, aquaculture wastewater COD, BOD5 exceed the standard; from the surface water environmental quality standard class V water, ground washing wastewater, COD and BOD5 are from the Shanghai City exceed the standard; sewage discharged into urban sewer water quality standards, aquaculture slaughter washing wastewater from COD exceed the standard, the environmental quality of surface water class V water standards, aquaculture slaughter Washing Wastewater Ammonia Nitrogen, COD, BOD5 all exceed the standard. (4) of the market situation of Shanghai pollution standard: Shanghai standardized farms in 2016 June the average daily output of solid waste is higher than in December; significant positive correlation with the average daily production area of solid waste, and no obvious relationship between the star; from the market scale, small standardized farms waste pollution control more effectively; the standard 75% The market by the separation of dry and wet garbage collection farms, standardized farms by 20% Recyclable, Unrecyclable standard collection of 5% farms waste, standardized farms waste mixed collection; disposal of solid waste: the market of plastic products of kitchen waste landfill, incineration, composting leaves peel.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X799.3

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