本文關鍵詞：降雨和施肥對秦嶺北麓俞家河水質的影響　出處：《農業(yè)環(huán)境科學學報》2017年01期 　論文類型：期刊論文

  更多相關文章： 降雨 施肥 氮 磷 有機物 空間分布

【摘要】：為了探討小流域內種植業(yè)的施肥措施對流域內地面水質的影響機制,選取秦嶺北麓的俞家河小流域為研究對象,設置8個覆蓋整個流域特征的監(jiān)測斷面,并于該流域主要經濟作物獼猴桃的3個典型施肥時期的不同降雨條件下對河流水質進行監(jiān)測,分析水體中氮、磷和有機污染物含量的時空分布特征以及降雨和施肥對其產生的影響。結果表明:俞家河流域總氮濃度的變化范圍是4.53~11.45 mg·L~(-1),平均值為6.51 mg·L~(-1);總磷平均濃度的變化范圍是0.004~1.377 mg·L~(-1),平均值為0.312 mg·L~(-1);CODMn濃度的變化范圍為0.89~11.23 mg·L~(-1),平均值為3.15 mg·L~(-1)。早春基肥期總氮平均負荷為227.03 g·d-1,流域負荷增加了73.34%;盛夏追肥期總磷平均負荷為11.36 g·d-1,流域負荷增加了117.36%。大雨時期總氮、總磷、COD_(Mn)負荷分別為228.10、9.94、174.53 g·d-1,對應增加的百分比為35.93%、84.31%、69.65%。水體總氮、總磷濃度與降雨密切相關,雨強越大,濃度和負荷增加越顯著,雨強是造成該流域氮素流失的主要氣象參數(shù)。早春基肥期果園施加氮肥是水體總氮的主要來源,盛夏追施肥會增加水體磷素污染風險,早春施肥期大雨后存在較高的COD_(Mn)污染風險,降雨和施肥的疊加效應是導致面源污染發(fā)生的主要因素。河流污染負荷較高的區(qū)域集中于中部,主要由兩岸獼猴桃園施肥引起,居民的生活污染也有一定貢獻。
[Abstract]:In order to study the influence mechanism of fertilization measures on surface water quality in small watershed, the Yujiahe small watershed in the northern foot of Qinling Mountains was selected as the research object, and 8 monitoring sections covering the characteristics of the whole basin were set up. The water quality of the river was monitored under different rainfall conditions during the three typical fertilization periods of kiwifruit, the main cash crop in the basin, and the nitrogen in the water was analyzed. The temporal and spatial distribution of phosphorus and organic pollutants and the effects of rainfall and fertilization on them. The results showed that the variation range of total nitrogen concentration in Yujiahe River Basin was 4.53 ~ 11.45 mg 路L ~ (-1) (P < 0.05). -1). The average value was 6.51 mg 路L ~ (-1) ~ (-1); The average concentration of total phosphorus varied from 0.004 ~ 1.377 mg 路L ~ (-1) to 0.312 mg 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1); The range of CODMn concentration was 0.89 ~ 11.23 mg 路L ~ (-1). The average value was 3.15 mg 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1). The average load of total nitrogen was 227.03 g 路d ~ (-1) in early spring, and the load increased by 73.34 g 路d ~ (-1). The average load of total phosphorus was 11.36 g 路d ~ (-1), and the load of watershed increased by 117.36 g 路d ~ (-1). During heavy rain, the total nitrogen and total phosphorus (COD _ (+)) load were 228.10, respectively. 9.94% ~ 174.53 g 路d ~ (-1), corresponding to an increase of 35.933% and 84.31% ~ 69.65%. The concentration of total nitrogen and total phosphorus is closely related to rainfall, and the rain intensity is greater. The higher the concentration and load, the more rain intensity is the main meteorological parameter of nitrogen loss in this basin. The nitrogen fertilizer applied in orchard in early spring is the main source of total nitrogen, and topdressing in summer will increase the risk of phosphorus pollution. During the early spring fertilization period, there is a higher risk of CODMAMN pollution after heavy rain. The superposition effect of rainfall and fertilization is the main factor leading to non-point source pollution. The region with high pollution load is concentrated in the middle of the river. Mainly caused by the two-straits kiwifruit orchard fertilization, residents' life pollution has also contributed to a certain extent.
【作者單位】： 西北農林科技大學資源環(huán)境學院農業(yè)部西北植物營養(yǎng)與農業(yè)環(huán)境重點實驗室;
【基金】：國家科技支撐計劃項目“秦嶺山地農業(yè)面源污染防控關鍵技術研究與示范”(2012BAD15B04)~~
【分類號】：X522
【正文快照】： 秦嶺北麓素有“七十二峪”之稱,是關中地區(qū)最大的水源地與水源涵養(yǎng)地。流域內河流的水質狀況直接或間接影響當?shù)丶爸苓叧鞘芯用竦娘嬎吧眢w健康狀況。近年來,獼猴桃產業(yè)對秦嶺北麓的農業(yè)經濟和農民增收發(fā)揮著舉足輕重的作用[1]。獼猴桃園過量施用化肥的現(xiàn)象非常嚴重,平均用量

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