發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-11 03:18

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：貴陽(yáng)市白云區(qū)農(nóng)田土壤重金屬污染狀況及風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估　出處：《貴州師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 農(nóng)田土壤 重金屬 污染特征 活性態(tài) 生物可給性 健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

【摘要】：本文以貴陽(yáng)市白云區(qū)農(nóng)田表層土壤為研究對(duì)象,調(diào)查農(nóng)田土壤重金屬污染現(xiàn)狀,設(shè)置了10個(gè)采樣點(diǎn),共計(jì)100份樣品,采用HNO3-HClO4-HF消解法和BCR連續(xù)提取法分別對(duì)土壤樣品重金屬總量及形態(tài)進(jìn)行分析測(cè)定,并且利用SBET提取方法對(duì)重金屬生物可給性進(jìn)行分析測(cè)定,依據(jù)《土壤農(nóng)業(yè)化學(xué)方法》相關(guān)方法,對(duì)土壤pH及有機(jī)質(zhì)、氮、磷、鉀進(jìn)行分析。采用相關(guān)性分析、聚類分析和主成分分析方法分析了土壤重金屬的來源及分布特征;采用內(nèi)梅羅綜合指數(shù)法、污染負(fù)荷指數(shù)法及潛在生態(tài)指數(shù)法對(duì)農(nóng)田土壤重金屬污染程度及潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià);利用形態(tài)分析和生物可給性結(jié)果對(duì)土壤生物有效性進(jìn)行分析,并利用所選的理化性質(zhì)對(duì)生物可給量進(jìn)行多元回歸分析,建立預(yù)測(cè)模型;分別以重金屬總量和生物可給量為參考依據(jù),利用USEPA(美國(guó)環(huán)保署)人體健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)模型對(duì)研究區(qū)對(duì)人體產(chǎn)生的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行初步估計(jì);旨在為研究區(qū)土壤重金屬污染防治與修復(fù)提供理論依據(jù),結(jié)果表明:(1)重金屬含量測(cè)定結(jié)果表明:研究區(qū)土壤中元素8種中,除Cd元素外,其余元素均高于采樣對(duì)照點(diǎn)和貴州省土壤背景值;與國(guó)家土壤環(huán)境二級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)限值相比,土壤中Ni、Cu、Cd三種元素超標(biāo)較嚴(yán)重,超標(biāo)率分別為67.19%、62.5%、35.94%,其次是As、Cr。相關(guān)性分析和主成分分析結(jié)果均表明,農(nóng)田土壤重金屬有3種來源:第一種來源要素由Cu、Zn、Ni、Hg和Cr構(gòu)成,可能來源于交通污染和化肥的施用;第二種來源要素由Hg、As和Pb構(gòu)成,可能來源于當(dāng)?shù)孛禾咳紵a(chǎn)生的降塵和農(nóng)藥的大量使用;第三種來源要素是Cd,Cd與其它重金屬元素的污染來源均不同,可能來源于成土母巖等自然因素。聚類分析結(jié)果顯示Hg、As和Cd為一類,Cu、Ni和Pb為一類,Zn和Cr為一類。其與主成分分析的統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果略有差異,其主要原因可能與金屬元素間的伴生關(guān)系有關(guān)。具體的深層次原因還有待于進(jìn)一步的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)。(2)綜合三種評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果來看,內(nèi)梅羅綜合污染指數(shù)法和污染負(fù)荷指數(shù)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果均表明,研究區(qū)主要受到Cu、Pb、Hg、As的污染,且土壤Cu、Pb、Hg、As均處于輕度至中度污染水平,需高度重視對(duì)這4種重金屬污染源的控制;潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果表明:Hg和Cd是研究區(qū)農(nóng)田土壤的主要污染因子。(3)研究區(qū)土壤中除Hg元素的可氧化態(tài)所占百分比較高外,其它元素均主要以殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)形式存在,其中Hg、Cd和Pb活性態(tài)所占的比例最高,說明這三種元素能被植物體吸收利用且能參與生物鏈進(jìn)行物質(zhì)循環(huán)的那部分活性態(tài)含量較高,故Hg、Cd和Pb的危害性較高。土壤As元素活性態(tài)所占比例最低其危害性較小。采用RAC風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估指數(shù)法對(duì)土壤重金屬的生物可利用性進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià),結(jié)果表明,Cd元素的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)程度最高,處于中等風(fēng)險(xiǎn)水平,Zn和Hg次之,均處于低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)水平,Pb、Cr、As和Ni的生物可利用度極低,均處于無(wú)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)水平。其中Hg和Pb雖然處于低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)或無(wú)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)水平,但由于其活性態(tài)所占比例較高,可能會(huì)隨著土壤pH值、溫度、氧化還原電位、有機(jī)物種類及含量的改變而發(fā)生遷移,最終轉(zhuǎn)化為酸可提取態(tài)。因此,土壤中的元素Hg和Pb可能存在一定的潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。(4)研究區(qū)農(nóng)田土壤中金屬元素的生物可給性Cd元素遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于其他元素,并且選擇的土壤理化性質(zhì)對(duì)Cd、Zn、As三種元素具有較好的預(yù)測(cè)效果。(5)分別以土壤中重金屬總量和生物可給量為參考依據(jù),對(duì)重金屬污染物對(duì)人體產(chǎn)生的潛在健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià);以土壤重金屬總量為參考依據(jù)時(shí),成人和兒童產(chǎn)生的潛在非致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)均可以忽略,但對(duì)成人和兒童產(chǎn)生潛在致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)不可忽略,尤其是As和Cr元素,以生物可給量為參考依據(jù)時(shí),成人和兒童的潛在非致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)均處于可接受范圍內(nèi),可以忽略。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the soil surface of farmland in Baiyun District of Guiyang city as the research object, investigation of soil heavy metal pollution, set up 10 sampling points, a total of 100 samples, the soil samples were used to analyze the morphology of heavy metals and the determination of HNO3-HClO4-HF digestion and BCR sequential extraction method, and the use of SBET extraction method for heavy metal bioavailability for analysis, according to "soil and agricultural chemistry method > correlation method on soil pH and organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were analyzed. By correlation analysis, cluster analysis and principal component analysis method to analyze the distribution and source of heavy metals in the soil; the Nemero index evaluation on pollution and potential ecological risk the degree of soil heavy metals in farmland and potential ecological index and pollution load index method; the speciation analysis and bioavailability results on soil biological effectiveness of Analysis and use of physical and chemical properties of the selected biological multivariate regression analysis to establish prediction model of volume, respectively; total amount of heavy metals bioavailability and quantity as the reference, using USEPA (EPA) human health risk assessment model for health risk research area on the human body are designed to provide preliminary estimates; the theoretical basis for the study area, the soil heavy metal pollution prevention and remediation results showed that: (1) the determination results showed that heavy metal content in 8 kinds of elements in the soil of the study area, except Cd, the other elements were higher than that of the control sample and soil background values of Guizhou province; and the national soil environmental standards of the two limit in soil in Ni, Cu, Cd three elements exceed the standard seriously exceed the standard rate were 67.19%, 62.5%, 35.94%, followed by As, Cr. correlation analysis and principal component analysis results showed that soil heavy metals have 3 sources: the first one The source of elements by Cu, Zn, Ni, Hg and Cr, may be derived from traffic pollution and chemical fertilizer; second sources of elements by Hg, As and Pb, may use a lot of local sources of coal combustion dust and pesticide; third kinds of source elements are Cd, Cd and other pollution sources heavy metal elements were different, may be derived from the parent rocks and other natural factors. The results of cluster analysis showed that Hg, As and Cd as a class, Cu, Ni and Pb for a class, Zn and Cr as a category. The statistical results of principal component analysis and the associated relationship may be slightly different, the main reason with the metal elements between the deep-seated reasons. The specific are needed to further study. (2) three comprehensive evaluation results, Nemero comprehensive pollution index and pollution load index evaluation results show that the study area mainly by Cu, Pb, Hg, As pollution, and soil Cu, Pb, Hg As, in Mild to moderate pollution levels, need to pay great attention to the control of the 4 kinds of heavy metal pollution; ecological risk assessment results showed that Hg and Cd are the main pollution factors of farmland soil. (3) in the soil of the study area except Hg element oxidizable percentage is relatively high, the other elements are mainly in residual form, including Hg, Cd and Pb activity had the highest proportion of these three elements can be absorbed by plants that use and can participate in the activity content of chain material recycling is higher, so Hg, Cd and Pb high hazard. Soil As element active state the lowest percentage of its less harmful. The RAC risk assessment method of biological index of soil heavy metal availability evaluation, the results show that the degree of risk of Cd elements in the middle of the highest risk level, Zn and Hg, are at a low risk level, Pb, Cr, and As Ni bioavailability is very low, are at no risk level. The Hg and Pb while at low or no risk level, but because of its active state of higher proportion, may with the soil pH value, temperature, redox potential, organic matter content and types of the change of migration, the final conversion for the acid extractable soil. Therefore, the elements of Hg and Pb may have some potential risks. (4) the study area of farmland soil metal elements in the bioaccessibility of Cd elements is far greater than other elements, physical and chemical properties of Cd, Zn and As of the soil, the three elements has good prediction effect. (5) respectively in the total amount of heavy metals in soil and biological feed for reference, to evaluate the potential health risk of heavy metal pollution on the human body; the amount of soil heavy metal for reference, adults and children have the potential non carcinogenic risk It can be ignored, but the potential carcinogenic risk to adults and children can not be ignored. Especially when As and Cr elements are used as reference, the potential non carcinogenic risks and carcinogenic risks of adults and children are acceptable, which can be ignored.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X53;X825

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