本文關(guān)鍵詞：地方政府環(huán)境管制行為與工業(yè)污染治理績效研究　出處：《浙江財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 環(huán)境管制 政府行為 污染治理 績效

【摘要】：我國經(jīng)濟(jì)高速發(fā)展的同時(shí),也引起了巨大的環(huán)境成本。粗放型的工業(yè)增長方式所帶來的資源過度消耗以及生態(tài)系統(tǒng)惡化已成為制約我國持續(xù)發(fā)展的瓶頸之一。經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展的同時(shí),人們各方面要求都不斷提高,當(dāng)前的生態(tài)狀況已經(jīng)不能滿足人們對(duì)生活環(huán)境的需求,環(huán)境質(zhì)量供求失衡。中央政府雖然逐漸提高了對(duì)當(dāng)前環(huán)境污染的管制強(qiáng)度和治理力度,積極制定并實(shí)施了多部環(huán)境保護(hù)法規(guī)政策,但污染治理的效果卻未能實(shí)現(xiàn)同比增長,污染治理績效偏低,污染治理有效性有待提高。環(huán)境管制作為政府進(jìn)行環(huán)境保護(hù)的有力工具,控制污染物排放的作用毋庸置疑。然而環(huán)境管制或者說污染治理需要巨大的成本投入,如何在既定的環(huán)境治理目標(biāo)前提下實(shí)現(xiàn)成本投入最小化是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展背景下需要解決的資源配置與效率問題。地方政府在現(xiàn)行的環(huán)境管制模式之下,具有比中央政府更加重要的環(huán)境治理作用,地方政府對(duì)中央環(huán)境管制政策的執(zhí)行力度直接影響污染治理的效果,對(duì)地方政府環(huán)境管制有效性的研究能夠較好的解釋當(dāng)前環(huán)境治理績效偏低問題。本文首先在理論分析的基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用考慮非期望產(chǎn)出的SE-SBM模型對(duì)我國大陸各地區(qū)近年來的環(huán)境污染治理效率進(jìn)行測評(píng),揭示了我國近年來環(huán)境治理效率的區(qū)域差異和動(dòng)態(tài)特征;同時(shí)運(yùn)用熵值法測算了各省市的工業(yè)污染指數(shù),以此來考察工業(yè)污染強(qiáng)度和治理效果。然后分析了環(huán)境管制怎樣對(duì)企業(yè)的污染治理產(chǎn)生影響,在此基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用省級(jí)層面的數(shù)據(jù)把環(huán)境管制等因素對(duì)污染治理效率和效果的影響進(jìn)行了實(shí)證檢驗(yàn)。其次,本文對(duì)地方政府的環(huán)境管制行為特征進(jìn)行了理論與實(shí)證分析,并將公眾參與納入研究框架,探究了非政府力量對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)卣h(huán)境管制行為的影響。從博弈論的視角,對(duì)工業(yè)污染治理中所涉及的利益主體之間的行為關(guān)系進(jìn)行了分析。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),(1)我國各地區(qū)的污染治理效率存在很大不平衡性,呈現(xiàn)出“東高西低”的狀態(tài),污染治理效率總體偏低,且存在非常明顯的空間集聚現(xiàn)象,但與中部和西部相比,東部地區(qū)的集聚現(xiàn)象較弱。(2)各地區(qū)的工業(yè)污染排放存在顯著的動(dòng)態(tài)持續(xù)特征,上一期的工業(yè)污染對(duì)本期具有重要影響;排污費(fèi)征收額占工業(yè)GDP的比例與污染治理效率之間存在“U”型特征關(guān)系,而環(huán)境管制的立法并未能顯著提升污染治理效率,執(zhí)法在東部地區(qū)比中西部地區(qū)更能發(fā)揮良好的效果;環(huán)境管制在工業(yè)污染控制方面所發(fā)揮的作用不夠明顯,未能顯著改善工業(yè)污染程度。人均實(shí)際GDP與污染治理效率和工業(yè)污染指數(shù)之間均存在一定的倒“U”型關(guān)系,工業(yè)總產(chǎn)值比重越高的地區(qū)工業(yè)污染越嚴(yán)重,治理效率也越低,國有企業(yè)的存在對(duì)污染治理效率具有提升作用,城鎮(zhèn)化帶來工業(yè)污染物排放量增加,對(duì)污染治理效率也具有一定的消極影響,而貿(mào)易開放能讓東部地區(qū)因得到環(huán)境友好型生產(chǎn)技術(shù)而提高了污染治理技術(shù)效率,但中西部地區(qū)的貿(mào)易開放則對(duì)污染治理效率具有抑制作用。(3)本地政府的環(huán)境管制立法、實(shí)施與監(jiān)督執(zhí)法行為除了會(huì)受相鄰地方政府行為的影響之外,還會(huì)受到自身過去行為的影響。公眾參與能夠顯著促進(jìn)地方政府的環(huán)境管制實(shí)施與監(jiān)督執(zhí)法。第四,中央政府核查成本及發(fā)現(xiàn)合謀的概率、中央政府核查的概率、合謀雙方的收益、對(duì)合謀的懲罰力度,是影響地方政府與企業(yè)合謀的主要因素。基于此,本文提出如下建議:(1)中央政府要進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)對(duì)地方政府的監(jiān)管,將環(huán)境績效納入政府考核體系,促進(jìn)地方官員晉升體系向綠色化和多元化發(fā)展。(2)地方政府應(yīng)進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)環(huán)境管制立法的科學(xué)性,并同時(shí)提高執(zhí)法的有效性,提高對(duì)違法企業(yè)的懲處力度。(3)完善排污收費(fèi)制度,優(yōu)化工業(yè)污染治理的資金結(jié)構(gòu)。政府可以適當(dāng)提高污染收費(fèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),按照“誰污染誰付費(fèi)”的原則,適當(dāng)提高企業(yè)自籌資金比重。(4)優(yōu)化公眾參與機(jī)制,增強(qiáng)社會(huì)監(jiān)督,完善環(huán)境監(jiān)管與獎(jiǎng)懲機(jī)制,避免合謀發(fā)生。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of China's economy at the same time, also caused a huge environmental cost. The extensive mode of industrial growth caused by excessive consumption of resources and deterioration of ecological system has become one of the bottlenecks which restricts the sustainable development of our country. The rapid development of economy at the same time, the requirements of people are increasing, the current ecological situation has been unable to meet needs of people living environment, imbalance between supply and demand of environmental quality. Although the central government has gradually increased to the current intensity of environmental pollution control and governance efforts, actively develop and implement a number of laws and regulations on environmental protection policy, but the effects of pollution control has failed to achieve an increase, low pollution performance, effective pollution control needs to be improved a powerful tool for environmental regulation. As the government environmental protection function, no doubt. However, the emission of pollutants of environmental regulation or pollution treatment Needs huge cost, how to achieve cost minimization is the allocation of resources and efficiency in the background of economic development need to be solved in environmental management objectives established under the premise of local government. Under the current model of environmental regulation, has more than the central government to increase the environmental governance role to the local government to the central environmental regulation policy enforcement directly affect the effects of pollution control and regulation of the effectiveness of local government environment can better explain the current environmental governance performance is low. This paper based on the theoretical analysis, using the SE-SBM model considering undesirable outputs to evaluate the governance efficiency of every area of our country in recent years, the pollution of the environment, reveal China's regional differences in environmental governance efficiency and dynamic characteristics in recent years; at the same time, using the entropy value method to calculate the various provinces and cities of the industrial pollution In order to study the index, industrial pollution intensity and governance effect. Then analyzes the environmental pollution control how the impact on the enterprise, on the basis of this, the provincial level data on the effects of environmental factors such as pollution control on the efficiency and effectiveness of the empirical study. Secondly, this paper makes theoretical and Empirical Analysis on the environment control the behavior of local government, and the public participation into the research framework, explores the influence of non governmental power on environmental control behavior of the local government. From the perspective of game theory, the relationship between the behavior involved in industrial pollution control in stakeholders are analyzed. The study found that (1) in all regions of China pollution control efficiency is not balanced, showing a "East High and west low" state, pollution control efficiency is generally low, and there is obvious spatial agglomeration, but in Compared with the South and West, the eastern region agglomeration is weak. (2) the area of industrial pollution emissions have significant dynamic continuous features, a period of industrial pollution has an important influence on the stage; the collection of sewage charges accounted for the existence of "U" type characteristics between the ratio of GDP and industrial pollution control and efficiency. Environmental regulation and legislation failed to significantly improve the pollution control efficiency, law enforcement in the eastern region than the central and western regions can play good effect; its environmental regulation in the industrial pollution control effect is not obvious, no significant improvement in the degree of pollution industry. There are some inverted "U" type relationship between per capita GDP and pollution the control efficiency and the industrial pollution index, the higher the proportion of the total industrial output value of industrial pollution is more serious, governance efficiency is low, in the state-owned enterprises has promoted effect on pollution control efficiency, Urbanization brings the industrial pollutant emissions increase, also has some negative effects on the pollution control efficiency, and trade openness can make the eastern region improve the efficiency of pollution treatment technology for environmental friendly production technology, but the opening of the Midwest trade has inhibitory effect on the pollution control efficiency. (3) local government environment control legislation, enforcement and supervision of law enforcement behavior in addition to be affected by the adjacent local government behavior, but also is affected by its past actions. Public participation could significantly promote the implementation of local government environmental regulation and supervision of law enforcement. In fourth, the central government cost verification and found the probability of collusion, the probability of verification of the central government, both sides of the conspiracy revenue, penalties for collusion, is the main factor affecting the conspiracy between the local government and enterprise. Based on this, the paper made the following suggestions: (1) the central government To further strengthen the supervision of local governments, environmental performance evaluation system into the government, promote local officials' promotion system to green and diversified development. (2) the local government should further strengthen the scientific environmental legislation, and improve the effectiveness of law enforcement, increase the punishment for illegal enterprises (3) perfect. The charging system, the capital structure optimization of industrial pollution control. The government can improve the pollution charges, in accordance with the "polluter pays" principle, appropriate to increase the proportion of self financing enterprises. (4) the optimization of the mechanism of public participation, strengthen social supervision, improve the environmental supervision and punishment mechanism, to avoid collusion.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：X32

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