本文關(guān)鍵詞：貴州省土地利用的碳補(bǔ)償研究　出處：《貴州師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 貴州省 土地利用變化 土地利用碳排放 碳補(bǔ)償研究

【摘要】：土地利用變化對(duì)氣候變化有著深遠(yuǎn)的影響,土地利用碳排放及碳減排日益成全球氣候變化研究的熱點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)問(wèn)題;因不同土地利用方式產(chǎn)生的碳排放與碳吸收差異較大,碳匯區(qū)付出了較多的保護(hù)成本,犧牲了一定的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益和發(fā)展機(jī)會(huì),為了實(shí)現(xiàn)區(qū)域內(nèi)部的公平發(fā)展,對(duì)碳匯主體或者生態(tài)保護(hù)者給予一定的經(jīng)濟(jì)補(bǔ)償,有利于從低碳層面推動(dòng)區(qū)域協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。以貴州省為研究區(qū)域,根據(jù)“貴州省十年生態(tài)”TM遙感影像,提取2000~2010年貴州省的省級(jí)、市級(jí)及縣級(jí)的土地利用數(shù)據(jù),利用轉(zhuǎn)移矩陣和動(dòng)態(tài)度分析對(duì)貴州省的土地利用變化進(jìn)行研究,并在此基礎(chǔ)上借助直接和間接碳排放系數(shù)法,對(duì)貴州省縣域空間上的土地利用碳排放量進(jìn)行研究,為實(shí)現(xiàn)區(qū)域公平,嘗試將土地利用碳排放量作為碳補(bǔ)償?shù)囊罁?jù),并采用碳補(bǔ)償模型對(duì)貴州省縣域空間上的土地利用的碳補(bǔ)償?shù)膬r(jià)值進(jìn)行初步測(cè)算,研究結(jié)果表明:(1)2000~2010年間,在全省的土地利用結(jié)構(gòu)變化中,建設(shè)用地面積變化最為顯著,增加了474.17 km2,年均增速為1.8%,且在各地類動(dòng)態(tài)變化度中居于首位,變化最為激烈。耕地的面積減少了6214.32 km2,主要轉(zhuǎn)化為草地和林地。林地面積和草地面積均增加,分別為3816.48 km2和1700.11 km2。各地州市中,耕地面積最大的為畢節(jié)地區(qū),9262.51km2,最小的為貴陽(yáng),8043.13km2。建設(shè)用地增加速度最快的是貴陽(yáng)市,從192.47km2增加到了395.00km2,建設(shè)用地年均增速為1.8%,林地面積增加最多的為畢節(jié)地區(qū),1148.67 km2。(2)2000~2010年貴州的碳排放量明顯呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢(shì),增加了4824.2萬(wàn)t,增幅達(dá)3.4倍。2000~2010年貴州省的碳吸收量是不斷增加的,由544.93萬(wàn)t增加到556.95萬(wàn)t。但碳吸收的增長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不能抵消碳排放的增長(zhǎng)。貴州省的凈碳排放量在2000~2010年增加了4824.2×104噸,凈碳排放量的增加主要來(lái)源于碳排放量的增加,歸根結(jié)底來(lái)是由于建設(shè)用地面積不斷的擴(kuò)大,人類在建設(shè)用地上所消耗的能源增加所導(dǎo)致的。(3)對(duì)貴州省縣域空間上的凈碳排放量進(jìn)行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)貴州省縣域空間的凈碳排放量最高的在在盤縣,998.89萬(wàn)t,最低的為從江縣,-10.40萬(wàn)t,區(qū)域間的碳排放量存在著明顯的差異�？h域空間凈碳排放的全局Moran's I值為0.154,該地區(qū)的凈碳排放量的空間分布具有一定的正相關(guān)性,但相關(guān)性不顯著。(4)從縣域空間的碳吸收量來(lái)看,貴州省縣域碳吸收量較高的地區(qū)位于東南部和西北部,這些區(qū)域大多為山區(qū),經(jīng)濟(jì)落后,工業(yè)化程度較低,生態(tài)用地面積較高,土地開(kāi)發(fā)程度與利用水平較低,經(jīng)濟(jì)以農(nóng)業(yè)或旅游業(yè)為主。而碳吸收強(qiáng)度在空間上呈現(xiàn)從西北至東南增加的趨勢(shì),最高的位于黔東南州的從江縣,總體來(lái)看,林地面積較高,綠化覆蓋度較高,GDP較低的區(qū)域其積碳吸強(qiáng)度較高。碳補(bǔ)償率較高的區(qū)域主要位于東南和東北地區(qū),整體自東向西減少,與土地利用程度形成兩極分化。(5)貴州省碳補(bǔ)償價(jià)值差異明顯,碳補(bǔ)償機(jī)制可有效在不同地區(qū)間形成財(cái)富二次分配,促進(jìn)資源價(jià)值量化,區(qū)域協(xié)同發(fā)展。其中,需要支付資金最高的為云巖區(qū),從江縣和麻江縣獲得較多的補(bǔ)償資金,根據(jù)碳補(bǔ)償?shù)慕痤~大小,劃分為重點(diǎn)支付區(qū)、相對(duì)均衡區(qū)、重點(diǎn)獲補(bǔ)區(qū)。從凈碳排放量、凈碳排放強(qiáng)度和碳補(bǔ)償價(jià)值關(guān)系來(lái)看,凈碳排放量和凈碳排放強(qiáng)度較大的地區(qū)多為重點(diǎn)支付區(qū),凈碳排放量為負(fù)值或凈碳排放強(qiáng)度較小的地區(qū)通常獲得補(bǔ)償資金;
[Abstract]:Land use change has a profound impact on climate change, land use and carbon emissions and carbon emission reduction has become a hot and difficult problem in the study of global climate change; carbon emission and carbon produced by different land use patterns of absorption difference, carbon sequestration area pays the cost of protection more, at the expense of economic benefits and some opportunities in order to realize the development of regional equity, internal and give some financial compensation for carbon sequestration body or ecological protector, benefit from the low carbon level to promote regional sustainable development. Taking Guizhou Province as the study area, according to the "ten years of Guizhou Province ecological TM remote sensing image, extraction of 2000~2010 in Guizhou Province, the provincial, municipal and county level land use data, using matrix and dynamic analysis of land use change in Guizhou province were studied, and on this basis, by means of direct and indirect carbon emissions. The number of land use, carbon emissions space of the county of Guizhou Province, to achieve regional equity, try to land use and carbon emissions as a carbon basis for compensation and preliminary estimates of land use carbon compensation space at county level in Guizhou Province on the value of the carbon compensation model, the results show that: (1) during 2000~2010, changes in land use structure in the province, construction land area of the most significant changes, an increase of 474.17 km2, the average annual growth rate of 1.8%, and in the dynamic change degree in the first place, the change is most intense. The cultivated land area decreased by 6214.32 km2, mainly transformed to grassland and woodland. Woodland and grassland area increased, respectively 3816.48 km2 and 1700.11 km2. around the city, the largest area of cultivated land in Bijie, 9262.51km2, the smallest for the Guiyang 8043.13km2., the increase of construction land is the fastest Guiyang City, increased from 192.47km2 to 395.00km2, with an average annual growth rate of 1.8% for the construction, the forest area increased most for Bijie area, 1148.67 km2. (2 2000~2010) carbon emissions in Guizhou increased significantly, an increase of 48 million 242 thousand T, an increase of 3.4 times.2000~2010 years in Guizhou province is increasing the amount of carbon absorption the increased from 5 million 449 thousand and 300 t to 5 million 569 thousand and 500 T., but the carbon absorption growth is far from offsetting carbon emissions growth. Net carbon emissions in Guizhou province in 2000~2010 year increase of 4824.2 * 104 tons, an increase in net carbon emissions increase mainly from carbon emissions, after all is to continue to expand the area for the construction of the humans, resulting in an increase in construction land on the consumption of energy. (3) the net carbon emissions in Guizhou Province on the space of the county were analyzed, found in the county of Guizhou province space net carbon emissions highest in Panxian, 9 988 thousand and 900 t, the lowest for Congjiang County, -10.40 million T, there are significant differences in carbon emissions between regions. The global Moran's County space net carbon emissions I value is 0.154, the net carbon emissions of the region's spatial distribution has a positive correlation, but the correlation is not significant. (4) absorption from the space of the carbon content, carbon uptake in the county of Guizhou province high area is located in the southeast and northwest, these areas are mostly in mountainous areas, economic backwardness, the low level of industrialization, the ecological land area is higher, the degree of land development and utilization level is low, the economy dominated by agriculture and tourism. And the carbon absorption intensity showing an increasing trend from northwest to Southeast in the space, the highest in Qiandongnan, Congjiang County, overall, forest area is higher, the green coverage is high, GDP low carbon high strength area of the suction. Carbon offsets a higher rate of area Be located in the southeast and northeast regions, the overall decrease from east to west, the formation of polarization and the degree of land use. (5) Guizhou Province carbon compensation value is significantly different, the carbon compensation mechanism can effectively form the two distribution of wealth among different regions, promote resource value to evaluate the regional coordinated development. Among them, the need to pay money for the highest. District, Congjiang County and Majiang county to obtain compensation funds more, according to the carbon compensation amount, payment is divided as the focus area, the relative balance of key area, being up. From the net carbon emissions, net carbon emission intensity and carbon compensation value, net carbon emissions and carbon emission intensity of the larger net pay as the focus area, the net carbon emissions is negative or net carbon emission intensity of small areas usually obtain compensation funds;

【學(xué)位授予單位】：貴州師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F301.2;X24

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